Automotive Suspension Modified
Automotive Suspension Modified
Automotive Suspension Modified
Introduction
Suspension types
i) Rigid (solid) axle suspension
ii) Independent suspension system
Suspension Spring
a) Metallic Springs
b) Non-metallic Springs
o Computer controlled suspension
System
Introduction
Location
The suspension system is located
between the wheel axles and the
vehicle body or frame.
Main purpose
To prevent the road shocks from
being transmitted to the vehicle
components and occupants.
Support the weight of the
vehicle.
Maintain traction between the
tires and the road (while driving,
cornering and braking)
Hold the wheels in alignment
(keeps stability of the vehicles)
Prevent excessive body squat
Prevent excessive body dive
Sprung and unsprungweight
Effect of sprung and unsprung weight on
riding comfort
the greater the sprung weight of an
automobile, the better the riding
comfort becomes.
E.g. body, cargo, internal
components, frame and the parts
attached to the frame.
With large unsprung weight, it is
easy for the body to be jolted.
• E.g. Wheels & tyre, wheel axles,
axle shafts, rear axle housings and
differential.
Main components ofthe suspensionsystem
The basic components of a suspension
system are as follows:
Springs: neutralizes the shocks from the
road surface.
• Dampers: keeps the suspension from
continuing to bounce after spring
compression and extension. Limits free
oscillation of the springs.
Stabilizer: (sway bar, anti-roll bar): limits
body roll of the vehicle during cornering
Linkages: hold the above components in
place and to control the longitudinal and
lateral movements of the wheels
Suspension System Layout
Oscillations of sprung weight
Suspension operating principle
(Movements)
Suspension types
There are of two basic types:
i) Rigid (solid) axle suspension
ii) Independent suspension system
Rigid axle suspension
a wheel is mounted at each end of a solid, or
undivided axle or axle housing.
has the advantages of strength and low cost.
it provides less efficiency and comfort than
independent suspension.
Types of rigid axle suspensions
1. Parallel leaf spring type
2. Leading arm and trailing arm types
with lateral rods
Link type
b. Non-metallic Springs
Rubber springs
Air springs
Leaf spring
It is a simple type of suspension
spring commonly used in vehicles.
constructed of one or more flat, thin,
flexible steel strips that are joined
together in order to work as a single
unit.
The steel strips of a leaf spring are
curved into an arc and attached at
each end to the underside of a
vehicle to help position and support
the axle, and also to absorb shock.
Parts of a leaf spring
Actuators
◦ Air spring solenoid valve
◦ Air vent solenoid valve
Control module
Alsocalled vehicle dynamics
module (VDM)
Controls the following:
◦ Suspension warning lamp
◦ Maintain trim height
◦ Compressor
◦ Vent and air spring valve
Height sensor
two front height sensors
Single rear height sensor
Programmed ride control (PRC)
system
The damping action of the front and
rear struts and shocks is
automatically controlled by the PRC
system
Has the following parts
◦ Steering sensor
◦ Brake sensor
◦ Speed sensor
◦ Struts and shocks with electric
actuators
Four mode PRC
Comfort
◦ provides a smooth luxurious ride.
Automatic