Ecology - Environment Science - Chapter 2

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
ECOLOGY AND
The History of World Concern for The
Environment
• 1950-an : factory and motor vehicle pollution, Smog (smoke that
resembles fog due to car and factory fumes)
• 1962 : The Silent Spring, Minamata Bay Jepang dan Itai-Itai
(1955)
• 1970 Stokhlom,conference PBB (1992)
• UNEP – Nairobi Kenya
• Indonesia : 1970 in Bandung
• Global Warming : Damage to the Ozone layer of the Statosphere –
the greenhouse effect
Why do we need to
study environmental
science?
The Environment is
Unity of Space with all objects, forces, conditions,

and living things, including humans and their
behavior, which affects nature itself, the survival of
life, and the welfare of humans and other living
things
Give an example?
ECOLOGY AS A BASIS OF
• Ecology ≠ Environmental Science
• Ecology = Environmental Biology
• Parker (1990): “The study of environmental science encompasses the field
of ecology, geophysics , geochemistry, forestry, public health, meteorology,
agriculture, oceanography, soil science, and mining, civil, petroleum, and
power engineering”
Ecology is a part of Environmental Science
But, Ecology is not just a part of Environmental Science. => Environmental Science is
based on Ecology.
The nature of the environment is determined by various things, including:
1. the type and number of each element of the environment The
environment consisting of (10) humans, (1) dogs, (3) birds, (1) coconut
trees, (1) rock hills, will be different in nature from the environment
consisting of (1 ) humans, (10) dogs, covered in lush bamboos, without
rock hills (flat)
2. relationship or interaction between elements in the environment Two
rooms of the same size, equipped with the same furniture but with
different layouts, will produce different properties of the room
3. environmental factors (conditions) elements For example, a city with
an active and hard working population will have another environment
with a city whose attitude is relaxed and lazy to work. Or, the sloping
and fertile environment of the area with sloping and eroded ones
4. non material heat, glare, and noisy environment will be different from
the cool environment with enough light but quiet
The application of ecology was done by farmers long before the
term ecology was introduced. The term ecology was introduced
in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel. Ecology comes from the Greek words
oikos and logos. Ecology is also often interpreted as the study of
the mutual relationship between living things and their
environment. Some even say that knowledge studies the
household of living things. Studies in fields which fall within the
scope of ecology have been carried out by experts
What is Ecology?
Definition of Ecology
• Ecology is the study of the reciprocal relationship of organisms with

their natural surroundings
• The term ecology was originally used by the German scholar Ernest
Haeckel (1869). While Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek who first studied
about the food chain and population.
• Ecology comes from the Greek language Oikos, which means home
and logos, which means that science / knowledge so ecology
examines the reciprocal relationship of organisms with their
environment.
Division of Ecology
A. According to many species
• Autecology : study in the relationship of one species of
organism with its natural surroundings
• Syinecology: study in the relationship of a group of
organism organisms with its surroundings
B. According to Taxonomy
Plant ecology, insect ecology, vertebrate ecology,
microorganism ecology
Various of Ecology
1. Forest Ecology
2. Marine ecology is divided into seas, beaches, estuaries, coral reefs
and seagrass beds
3. Plant Ecology
4. Insect Ecology
5. Freshwater Ecology
- Stagnant water; for example: lakes, ponds, swamps, and
mangroves
- Water flow; for example: springs, streams / rivers and gutters
Connection of Ecology with Other Sciences
Ecology is a science that utilizes information from a

variety of other sciences, such as: chemistry, physics,
geology, and climatology for its discussion.
Ecology has an interest in investigating, questioning, and
understanding the interaction of organisms with their
environment. aims to find the principles contained in the
reciprocal relationship.
How nature works, how living things exist in
living systems, what they need from their
habitats in carrying out life, how to adapt, how
individuals in species experience growth as a
population / community.
Ecology is the basic foundation of environmental
science.
The essence of environmental problems is essentially
ecology, namely the relationship of living things,
especially humans and their environment. These
components are in a place and interact to form an
organized unity. For example, in an aquarium ecosystem,
this ecosystem consists of fish, aquatic plants, plankton
floating in the water as biotic components, while those
included in the abiotic component are water, sand, stone,
minerals and oxygen dissolved in water.
LIFE IN THE
ORGANIZATION
BIOSFIR
ECOSISTEM
COMMUNITY
POPULATION
ORGANISME
Ecology is the basic foundation of environmental science
The essence of environmental problems is essentially
ecology, namely the relationship of living things,
especially humans and their environment
Populations are groups of individuals of a type of organism
Community is all population that occupies a certain area
Ecosystem is the overall order of unity between all
elements of the environment that influence one
another.
The term "ecology" was first proposed by the German
Nation Biologist Erns Haeckel in 1869
Factors affecting the population
1. Factors that depend on population density are generally
biological factors such as competition, parasites, pathogens
2. Factors that do not depend on population density, are
physical factors such as climate
A community can be classified according to several things:

1. The appearance of striking structures, for example dominant
species, forms of growth.
2. Community physical habitat
3. Functional characteristics of the community, for example the
type of community metabolism
Individuals and Populations
Ecosystem
Environmental science is an ecology that applies various

principles and concepts to a broader problem, which also
involves human relations with the environment.
Environmental science is applied ecology
This environmental science integrates various sciences
that study the interrelationships between living bodies
(including humans) with their environment.
Environmental science studies the place and role of
humans among living things and other components of
life. In this case environmental science can be said as
applied ecology, namely how to apply various ecological
principles and provisions in human life.
In environmental science, the focus is on the goal of
reuniting all the sciences concerning environmental issues
into similar variable categories, namely energy, matter,
space, time, and diversity.
BASIC CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE

(Swan dan Stapp, 1971:60)
The earth's environment consists of physical
components
Continuous cycle material at the ecosystem level
Carrying capacity of the environment
The uniqueness of human intellectual capacity that
produces moral and responsible environmental behavior
Problems of Environment
Air Pollution
Decreased Biodiversity
Water Pollution
Waste Production
Decreased Food Availability
Declining Availability of Other Natural Resources (Energy,

BBM)
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA

Unity of Space with all objects, forces, conditions,

Ecology is a part of Environmental Science

• Ecology is the study of the reciprocal relationship of organisms with

Ecology is a science that utilizes information from a

A community can be classified according to several things:

Environmental science is an ecology that applies various

Decreased Food Availability

Declining Availability of Other Natural Resources (Energy,

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