English Listening and Com

position

Prof. Shao Guangqing

Shaoguangqing@gmail.com

Sep., 2013 영어 청취와 작문

Text-book

 Alice Savage, Patricia Mayer, Masoud Shafiei

, Rhonda Liss, and Jason Davis. Effective
Academic Writing 1: the Paragraph. Oxford
University Press, 2007.

 ISBN: 978-0-19-430922-6

 Binding: Paperback
Contents

 Unit one The Sentence and the paragraph

 Part 1 Stimulating ideas
 Warm-up: Legal Age for Marriage
 The paragraph
 Part 2 Developing a paragraph
 Paragraph organization
 The topic sentence
 Supporting sentences
 Concluding sentences
Warm-up
 Speaking topic
 Legal Age for Marriage

 In the U.S.
 In your country
1. The legal age of marriage
2. Marriage license
3. The fees and ceremony
4. The physical examination, such as a blood test
5. The waiting period before the license is issued
The paragraph
Red

I love the color red. No other color symbolizes so man

y different emotions and experiences. Life would be very
boring without the color red. Fires would not burn in the s
ame way. The sunset would not be interesting, and blood
would not be so surprisingly beautiful. Red is powerful w
hen it appears in nature, and it is also powerful when it a
ppears in our emotions. Red is love. Red is anger. Red is
beauty. I like to live life in a strong way, so I think I will al
ways admire the color red.
The paragraph
 a group of sentences about a topic.
A paragraph is ____________________________
 descriptive paragraph, the writer describes
In a ____________
a person, a place of a thing.
 In an ____________
example paragraph, the writer explains
a topic by giving examples.
 process
In a ____________ paragraph, the writer explains
how to do something step by step.
 opinion
In an ____________ paragraph, the writer
expresses his/her feelings, emotions, opinions about
a topic.
 narrative
In a ____________ paragraph, the writer tells a
story.
The paragraph
Indenting
The first sentence must
Red be indented.

I love the color red. No other color symbolizes so man

y different emotions and experiences. Life would be very
boring without the color red. Fires would not burn in the s
ame way. The sunset would not be interesting, and blood
would not be so surprisingly beautiful. Red is powerful w
hen it appears in nature, and it is also powerful when it a
ppears in our emotions. Red is love. Red is anger. Red is
beauty. I like to live life in a strong way, so I think I will al
ways admire the color red.
Paragraph organization
 ①
A typical paragraph has a _______________,
__________________
② and a ______________.
③
 The _______________
①topic sentence introduces the topic
and tells what the writer will say about the
topic.
 The sentences that follow further explain and
support the topic sentence. They are called
②supporting sentences
_________________.
 The _________________
③concluding sentence often repeats the
information in the topic sentence in a different
way.
 Red

I love the color red. No other color symbolizes so man

y different emotions and experiences. Life would be very
boring without the color red. Fires would not burn in the s
ame way. The sunset would not be interesting, and blood
would not be so surprisingly beautiful. Red is powerful w
hen it appears in nature, and it is also powerful when it a
ppears in our emotions. Red is love. Red is anger. Red is
beauty. I like to live life in a strong way, so I think I will al
ways admire the color red.
The topic sentence
 It introduces a new idea. It presents the topic and
explains what the writer will say about the topic.
This explanation is called the
Controlling idea
_______________.

Topic Controlling idea

My friend is an honest person.
My friend is the funniest person I know.
My friend has a terribly dangerous job.
Are they effective topic sentences?

 A surprise party is a kind of party.

 NO! (TOO GENERAL)
 There were 14 guests at my surprise birthday
party.
 NO! (TOO SPECIFIC)
 My classmates gave me an unforgettable sur
prise birthday party for my 18th birthday.
 YES!
Practice: Identifying effective topic
sentences
 1. ____My
√ doctor is very kind to his patients.
_____________________________________
The writer will give examples of ways in which his doctor is
_____________.
kind to his patients
√
 2. _____ Fried rice is easy to prepare if you
follow some simple steps.
The writer will tell the steps for making fried rice.
_____________________________________.
×
 3. _____ I am going to write about my
country.
_____________________________________.
Practice: Identifying effective topic
sentences
 √
4. _____ I had an adventure in the jungle last
year.
The writer will describe the adventure.
______________________________________.

 √
5. _____ Video games are not bad for
children.
______________________________________.
The writer will give reasons why video games are not
bad for children.
Practice: Writing topic sentences
 1. Pets
 Pets are good companions for older people.
 2. A first date
 In order to have a successful first date,
___________________________________
 ___________________________________.
a person must do the following things.
 3. A terrible teacher
 ___________________________________.
I have a terrible teacher when I was in middle school.
 4. Tennis
 ___________________________________.
Tennis is a really boring sport to watch.
Supporting sentences
 Supporting sentences add information about the to
pic and the controlling idea.

Topic Controlling idea

Young people are too dependent on computers.

Supporting sentences:
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
______________________.
Supporting sentences

 Type 1 Supporting definition

 Dependency on computers means that young

people cannot perform the normal tasks and f
unctions of daily life without them.
Supporting sentences
 Type 2 Supporting explanation
 In the old days, people memorized important
information, but today’s youth rely on their co
mputers, cell phones, and PDA’s to do assign
ments, record numbers, and save important i
nformation. As a result, they can find themsel
ves unprepared in an emergency such as an
electrical blackout. Once their batteries die, th
ese people will not be able to communicate.
Supporting sentences

 Type 3 Supporting example

 For example, I do all my schoolwork on my c

omputer. When my computer crashed last we
ek, I lost my only draft of an essay that was d
ue the next day. As a result, I got a bad grade
.
Practice: Identifying topic sentences and
supporting sentences

 SS a. Mosquitoes are attracted to heat.

1. _____
SS b. Mosquitoes will fly several miles
_____
to find flood.
SS
_____ c. Only the female mosquito bites.
TS d. Mosquitoes are interesting
_____
insects.
Practice: Identifying topic sentences and
supporting sentences
 TS a. One of my hobbies is listening to
2. _____
international music.
SS b. I have a large collection of world
_____
music recordings.
SS c. My friends and I like to introduce each
_____
other to new international artists we
discover.
SS
_____ d. I enjoy going to concerts by musicians
from different countries.
Practice: Identifying topic sentences and
supporting sentences
 SS a. I like the way people decorate
3. _____
their homes and stores.
_____
SS b. I enjoy going shopping in cold
weather.
SS c. I enjoy the parties and
_____
celebrations of the winter
holiday.
TS
_____ d. I really like the winter holidays.
Practice: Identifying topic sentences and
supporting sentences
 SS a. My new apartment has big
4. _____
closets.
_____
TS b. My new apartment is perfect for
my roommate and me.
SS c. My new apartment is close to
_____
school and work.
SS d. My new apartment is not too
_____
expensive for students.
The concluding sentence

 The concluding sentence usually reminds the

reader of the topic and controlling idea of the
paragraph.
 The concluding sentence restates the main
idea.
 Topic sentence: I love the color red.
 The concluding sentence: I like to live life in a st
rong way, so I think I will always admire the co
lor red.
The concluding sentence
 Warn the reader:
 If you do not follow these steps, you may not get the grade
that you want.
 Make a prediction:
 The automotive industry will change, and soon everyone wi
ll be driving pollution-free cars.
 Give an opinion about the topic:
 Some people might disagree, but I think lamb is the best m
eat for grilling.
 Using In conclusion:
 In conclusion, learning a second language has many advan
tages.
Practice: Identifying supporting
sentences and concluding sentences
 1. The best way to see San Francisco is by walking.
CS a. When you explore San Francisco by foot, you
___
can experience all the city has to offer.
___
SS b. When you walk, you experience the different
smells of the restaurants, the plants and sometimes
the ocean.
SS c. You can stop and look in the windows of shops
___
or sit on a bench for a short while and look at
interesting people.
___
SS d. In a car or a bus, you cannot stop easily if you
see something interesting because parking is
difficult.
Practice: Identifying supporting
sentences and concluding sentences
 2. An egg taco takes only five minutes to make.

___
CS a. Your delicious egg taco is ready to eat in just a
few minutes.
SS b. Heat a flour tortilla in a small amount of water.
___
SS c. Scramble two eggs with a little salt and pepper.
___
___
SS d. When the eggs are done, slide them into the
warm tortilla and fold it over.
Practice: Identifying supporting
sentences and concluding sentences
 3. My paper is late because something happened to
my computer.
SS a. I was almost finished writing my paper, and I
___
was checking it for errors.
SS
___ b. Suddenly, my computer screen went blank, and
the power was gone.
CS
___ c. The accident made me lose many hours of
work, so I could not turn in my essay on time.
SS d. Later, I learned that a squirrel got on the power
___
line and disrupted the electricity.
Practice: Identifying supporting
sentences and concluding sentences
 4. I enjoy the riverwalk in San Antonio.
___
SS a. The riverwalk is lower than the streets of the
city.
___
SS b. You can walk down stairs to a canal with a
stone path and plants on each side.
SS c. There are many shops, restaurants and hotels
___
along the path.
CS d. The riverwalk is a pleasant place to spend an
___
afternoon or evening in San Antonio.
Practice: Examining concluding
sentences
 Circle the word that best describes each
of the concluding sentences below.
 1. If you follow these steps, you will never
lose your keys again.
 A. prediction
 B. opinion
 C. warning
Practice: Examining concluding se
ntences
 2. Students who are not careful with credit
cards can go into debt quickly.
 A. prediction
 B. opinion
 C. warning
 3. Venice, Italy, is the most beautiful city in
the world.
 A. prediction
 B. opinion
 C. warning
Practice: Examining concluding se
ntences
 4. You will be able to produce a beautiful
paper crane with only a little bit of practice.
 A. prediction
 B. opinion
 C. warning
 5. There are many reasons why movie stars
make poor politicians.
 A. prediction
 B. opinion
 C. warning
Practice: Examining concluding se
ntences
 6. The desert is a beautiful but dangerous
place to hike, so do your research and take
time to prepare carefully.
 A. prediction
 B. opinion
 C. warning