ACE Engineering College

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

An Industry Oriented Mini Project on

Fabrication Of Excavator Teeth

Guided by Presented by
R.MOUNIKA T.SAI DEEPTHI (19AG5A0310)
Assistant Professor MECH Dept. V.ANIL (19AG5A0342)
ACE Engineering College, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad. A.SHIVA KUMAR (19AG5A0313)
Fabrication Of Excavator Teeth
 BHASKAR ALLOY CASTINGS
• Established in the year 2014 at Hyderabad, Telangana we "Bhaskar Alloy Castings" are a
"Sole Proprietorship" based firm engaged as the manufacturer of Excavator Tooth, Excavator
Tooth Point and Excavator Spare Parts.
• Taking quality as our principal concern, we are betrothed in presenting an excellent quality
of these products. Our offered products are known for their rigid design and easy usage.
 ABSTRACT:

• Excavators used in mining industry have bucket teeth usually made up of hard alloys. In order to improve the
anti-wear properties of these alloys coatings are provided. The purpose of the present work is to make the
deformation analysis of the bucket teeth. We have used solidworks software for analysing of excavator bucket
teeth. It was observed that maximum stress occurred at the fixed joint of teeth and tongue, while the maximum
wear takes place at the tip of tooth. The abrasive nature of soil is one of the reason of tip wear.
INTRODUCTION
A bucket (also called a scoop to qualify shallower designs of tools) is a specialized container attached to a
machine, as compared to a bucket adapted for manual use by a human being. It is a bulk material handling
component. The bucket has an inner volume as compared to other types of machine attachments like blades
or shovels. The bucket could be attached to the lifting hook of a crane, at the end of the arm of an
excavating machine, to the wires of a dragline excavator, to the arms of a power shovel or a tractor
equipped with a backhoe loader or to a loader, or to a dredge. Excavator bucket is the important part which
is responsible for work. It is used for digging, trolley felling, heavy duty work etc.
TYPES OF EXCAVATOR TOOTH

• FANGS TOOTH
• CHISEL TOOTH
• TIGER TOOTH
• LOADER TOOTH
• SEVERE DUTY TOOTH
• FLARE TOOTH
• TWIN TIGER TOOTH
• WIDE FLARED TOOTH
 Chisel Tooth: Chisel tooth is a kind of bucket tooth which is used to excavate soil,sand and gravel in sand
and soil terrain. Generally, the chisel teeth are matched with the bucket with a large bucket mouth area, which
has a large stacking surface, so it has a high filling coefficient and saves operation time.In this industry we
have used chisel tooth
METHODOLOGY

Casting
Casting is a manufacturing process by which a molten material such as metal or plastic is
poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to
solidify. This solidified part is ejected or broken out from mold to make a fabricated part; this
process is known as casting.
Types of Casting Process:

• Sand casting.
• Investment casting.
• Die casting.
• Low pressure casting.
• Centrifugal casting.
• Gravity die casting.
• Vacuum die casting.
• Squeezing die casting.
• Lost Foam Casting
• Continual Casting
Casting Process:
Step 1: Create The Pattern

Before you make your mold, you must create a pattern to determine the mold’s shape. The pattern can be a 3-
dimensional model of your final cast. It may be shaped in wax, sand, plastic, or even wood. Some casters use
molds made of plaster or silicone, which are materials that could not withstand a molten metal cast but allow
the caster to mass create wax multiples to use in expendable mold casting.
Step 2: Make The Mold
After you have created a pattern, it is time to make your mold. As we mentioned above, you
may choose to make a reusable mold, which is typically made from metal, or a single-use mold,
which may be made from sand, plaster, or ceramic shell.

Step 3: Choose The Metallic Alloy

All metal castings are produced from either ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. Alloys are a mixture of elements that
provide the best mechanical properties for the final cast’s use. Ferrous alloys include steel, malleable iron, and
gray iron.
Non-ferrous alloys that are most commonly used in casting are aluminum, bronze, and copper. If you are
working with precious metals in a jewelry studio, you may work with silver, copper, gold, and platinum.
Step 4: Melt The Alloy

Melting processes vary between alloys because each alloy will have a different melting temperature.
Essentially, melting consists of placing the solid alloy in a crucible and heating it over an open flame or
inside of a furnace.

Step 5: Pour Into The Mold

Pour the molten metal into the mold cavity. If it is a small casting, you may simply pour from the crucible
where the metal was heated directly into the mold. A larger casting may require a small team to support
heating the metal inside of a furnace, and transferring the metal into a larger crucible or ladle before being
poured into the mold.
Step 6: Remove The Casting From The Mold

When the metal has cooled and solidified, you can remove it from the mold. If you cast into a single-use
mold, you can break away the mold from the casting. If you used a plaster investment, you will want to
quench the plaster in water after the metal has solidified. The water will help break away the mold. For
reusable molds, you may use ejector pins to extract your casting.

Step 7: Finishing

File and polish your solid metal cast! This may involve cleaning your cast metal object, like scrubbing
away excess mold material in water, breaking off the casting gates with clippers for small objects, or even
an angle grinder for large pieces
Investment Casting (Lost Wax Casting)
Investment casting, also known as precision casting or lost-wax casting, is a manufacturing process in
which a wax pattern is used to shape a disposable ceramic mold. A wax pattern is made in the exact
shape of the item to be cast. This pattern is coated with a refractory ceramic material.
Steps in the Investment Casting Process

• Steps 1: Creating the Die/Pattern

• Step 2: Mounting the Wax Patterns
• Step 3: Tree Assembly
• Step 4: Shell Molding
• Step 5: Wax Removal
• Step 6: Mold Casting
• Step 7: Removing the Shelled Casting
• Step 8: Finishing Operations
 PRACTICAL VIEW

PATTERN OF TEETH CASTINGS

Design Procedure:
• Select the front plane draw the 2d sketch based on the dimensions assumed.
• Use the extrude bass tool to extrude the 2d surface.
• Draw another sketch on the top surface plane and remove the extra material using
extrude cut tool.
• Repeat the procedure whenever we need to remove the material.
• Select the top face of the tooth and sketch 2 circles for pin joint.
• Use extrude cut throughout the surface.
Design Of Excavator Bucket Teeth:
Design Of Excavator Bucket Teeth
Analysis Procedure
• Select solid works add lines
• Then solid works simulation.
• Create new study.
• Right click the solid and select the material for the bucket tool from materials library.
• Right click connectors and in connectors select pin connector and select the
circumference of the circular hole repeat the procedure to other hole.
• Right click fixtures then fixed geometry and select forces to be fixed.
• Right click on the extend loads apply loads such as force-1,force-2.
• Right click on mesh and then mesh and run.
• Right click on the gravity-1.
• Right click on the name of the study and run the simulation wait for results.
Analysis Of Excavator Bucket Teeth
Stress deformation:
Study Results

Name Type Min Max

Stress1 VON: von Mises Stress 1.173e-05N/m^2 8.565e+05N/m^2
Node: 15833 Node: 18559

Part1-Static 1-Stress-Stress1

Name Type Min Max

Displacement1 URES: Resultant Displacement 0.000e+00mm 1.766e-03mm
Node: 8 Node: 14669
Displacement deformation:
Strain deformation:
Nam Max
Type Min
e
Strain ESTRN: Equivalent Strain 3.227e-11 4.490e-06
1 Element: 6163 Element: 4566
 Result:
Reaction forces
Selection Units Sum X Sum Y Sum Z Resultant
set

Entire N 0.0342551 72.0351 27.099 76.9637

Model

Reaction Moments
Selection Units Sum X Sum Y Sum Z Resultant
set

Entire N.m 0 0 0 0
Model
Free body forces
Selection Units Sum X Sum Y Sum Z Resultant
set
Entire N 2.73064e- 12.2736 7.12331e- 12.2736
Model 06 05
Advantages of Investment casting
• 1. Many Intricate forms with undercuts can be cast.

• 2. A very smooth surface is obtained with no parting line.

• 3. Dimensional accuracy is good.

• 4. Certain unmachinable parts can be cast to preplanned shape.

• 5. It may be used to replace die casting where short runs are involved.
Disadvantages of Investment casting
• 1. This process is expensive, is usually limited to small casting, and presents some difficulties where
cores are involved.

• 2. Holes cannot be smaller than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) and should be no deeper than about 1.5 times the
diameter.

• 3. Investment castings require very long production-cycle times versus other casting processes.
Conclusion
• By fabrication of backhoe excavator bucket tooth it has been observed that, the project helped us to
get the experience of working physically and making the bucket teeth.
• In this industrial mini project we learn about investment casting(lost wax casting) and we have used
chisel tooth in making bucket teeth.
• From the above analysis, Maximum stresses are generating at the fixed position of tooth.
• Maximum deformation will occur at the tip of tooth to the whole body.
• Resultant for reaction forces is 76.9637
• Resultant for free body forces is 12.2736
• Max stress occurred at 8.565e+05n/m^2
• Max displacement occurred at 1.766e-03mm
• Max strain occurred at 4.490e-06
THANK YOU