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    Unit-1: Introduction To Open Source & Open Standards & OSS Development Methodology

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    Prashant Rawat

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    Unit-1: Introduction To Open Source & Open Standards & OSS Development Methodology

    Uploaded by

    Prashant Rawat
    46 views22 pages

    Original Title

    what is open source

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    Copyright:

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    46 views22 pages

    Unit-1: Introduction To Open Source & Open Standards & OSS Development Methodology

    Uploaded by

    Prashant Rawat

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Introduction to Open Source & Open Standards; & OSS Development Methodology

    Unit-1

    •What is Open Source? , Why Open Source?

    •Definition

    •A brief history about open source development

    •The evolution of the open source movement

    •Benefit of Free/Open Source Software

    •Advantages and disadvantages of open source

    •Open Source trends and perspective

    •Split open source software / commercial products


    What is “Open Source Software”?

    •Software whose source code is published and made available


    to the public

    •Often built by a community

    •Generally high quality, high performance software

    •May be a reference implementation of an open specification

    •Examples: Apache, Eclipse, Mozilla Firefox, Open Office, etc.


    What is an “Open Standard”?

    • Published without restriction


    • Freely available for adoption by the industry
    • Control by an open industry organization
    • Implemented by offerings available in the market
    • Allows for an era of interchangeable parts …
    of reduced integration cost
    • Examples: TCP/IP, HTTP, HTML, XML
    History

    Richard Stallman

    1984 - launched the GNU


    Project and the Free Software Foundation

    1986 - the Free Software Foundation


    1987 - created an open source compiler,
    the GNU C Compiler (GCC)
    History

    Linus Torvalds-- a student of the Department of


    Computer Science at the University of Helsinki

    1991 - created (with the help of several volunteer


    programmers through Usenet) the Linux® kernel.
    History

    Ian Murdock

    1993 created the Debian GNU/Linux operating system


    Debian package management system and is used to
    install, remove, and provide information on the
    Debian software packages (.deb).
    History

    Robert McCool

    1994 - developed the Apache HTTP server


    more than 100 million Web sites use
    Apache as their Web server of choice
    History

    Marc Ewing

    1995 - created his own Linux distribution called RedHat

    1996 the KDE and GNOME desktop environments were


    developed
    History

    1998

    many software companies started to accept the open source


    movement.

    Netscape Communicator source code was made open source.

    Mozilla Foundation was established.

    The term open source was created by Eric Raymond and Bruce
    Perens
    Development Tools

    Applications Applications

    Application Server Database

    Operating System

    Hardware
    How all of the tools and hardware integrate together

    Development Tools – Eclipse

    Application Server – WebSphere

    Database – DB2

    Operating System – Linux


    “Open Source Software”?
    • http://www.Opensource.org.
    The Open Source concept can be defined as follows:

    “When programmers can read, redistribute,


    and modify the source code for a piece of
    software, the software evolves. People
    improve it, people adapt it, people fix bugs.
    And this can happen at a speed that, if one
    is used to the slow pace of conventional
    software development, seems astonishing.”
    “Open Source Software” cont………

    •The community develops, debugs, and maintains. Participating in an


    Open Source community offers potential for strong personal rewards. It
    strengthens programming experience

    •[Examples would be Apache Tomcat and Apache Geronimo.

    •Additional examples:

    Gnome, Derby, Samba, SendMail, Geronimo, Web server, application


    development, desktop environment, browser, database (Cloudscape),
    productivity suit (Star Office), file/print server, mail server, and J2EE
    application server.

    Nick Donofrio, Senior VP of Technology and Manufacturing at IBM, states


    “It is not about Free. It’s about Freedom. The freedom to
    collaborate. The freedom to innovate.”.
    “Open Standard”

    IBM’s definition of an open standard.

    An Open Standard is more than just a


    specification. The principles behind the
    standard, and the practice of offering and
    operating the standard, are what make
    the standard Open.
    Principles of Open Standards
    -Availability: Open Standards are available for all to read and implement.
    -Maximize End-User Choice: Open Standards create a fair, competitive market
    for implementations of the standard. They do not lock the customer in to a particular
    vendor or group.
    -No Royalty: Open Standards are free for all to implement, with no royalty or fee.
    Certification of compliance by the standards organization may involve a fee.
    -No Discrimination: Open Standards and the organizations that administer them
    do not favor one implementer over another for any reason other than the technical
    standards compliance of a vendor's implementation.
    -Extension or Subset: Implementations of Open Standards may be extended, or
    offered in subset form.
    -Predatory Practices: Open Standards may employ license terms that protect
    against subversion of the standard by embrace-and-extend tactics.
    FLOSS - Free, libre, open source software

    “Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To


    understand the concept, you should think of 'free' as in
    free speech, not as in 'free beer'”.

    free software is a philosophical concept that aims to


    convey the idea of software that can be used, studied
    and modified without any restriction
    OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE VS FREEWARE
    Advantages and disadvantages of open
    source
    Pros:

    Open source software has lower monetary costs as development,


    support and license costs are fairly minimal when compared to
    proprietary software.

    Open source is also the answer to the incompatible formats in


    proprietary software, because it only uses open standards, that is,
    standards that are known or are accessible to all the people.

    don’t need anti-piracy measures, such as CD keys, product


    activation and serial keys.
    Cons:

    Open source software has been focused to provide


    solutions to servers rather than to desktop computers. As
    a result, adoption in the desktop arena is much slower.

    The advantages of OSS outweigh its disadvantages


    Open source trends and perspectives

    •A well known example is the LAMP stack – LAMP being Linux,


    Apache, MySQL® and PHP/Perl/Python

    •Eclipse was developed by IBM in 2001, and donated to the


    open source community in 2004. Today, Eclipse is one of the
    widest IDEs in use worldwide.

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