Tissue Types PPT
Tissue Types PPT
Tissue Types PPT
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Introduction
• Similar cells with a common function are
called tissues.
Desmosomes
• Form “spot welds” between cells
• Located among outer skin cells Desmosome
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Epithelial Tissue
• General characteristics:
• Cover organs and the body
• Line body cavities
• Line hollow organs
• Have a free surface
• Have a basement membrane
• Are avascular
• Cells readily divide
• Cells tightly packed
• Cells often have desmosomes
• Function in protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion
• Classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers
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Epithelial Tissue
• Simple squamous: • Simple cuboidal:
• Single layer of flat cells • Single layer of cube-shaped cells
• Substances pass easily through • Line kidney tubules
• Line air sacs • Cover ovaries
• Line blood vessels • Line ducts of some glands
• Line lymphatic vessels
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Free surface Lumen
of tissue
Nucleus
Simple
squamous
Basement
epithelium membrane
Basement Free surface
of tissue
Nucleus Simple
cuboidal
epithelium
Connective Connective
tissue tissue
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
b,d: © Ed Reschke
b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
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Epithelial Tissue
• Simple columnar: • Pseudostratified columnar:
• Single layer of elongated cells • Single layer of elongated cells
• Nuclei usually near the basement • Nuclei at two or more levels
• Membrane at same level • Appear striated
• Sometimes possess cilia • Often have cilia
• Sometimes possess microvilli • Often have goblet cells
• Often have goblet cells • Line respiratory passageways
• Line uterus, stomach, intestines Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Cilia
(free surface
of tissue)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cytoplasm
Mucus
Goblet cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm Nucleus
Basement
Microvilli
membrane
(free surface
of tissue) Connective
tissue
Goblet cell (a) (b)
Basement
membrane
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b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer.
Epithelial Tissue
• Stratified squamous: • Stratified cuboidal:
• Many cell layers • 2-3 layers
• Top cells are flat • Cube-shaped cells
• Can accumulate keratin • Line ducts of mammary glands,
• Outer layer of skin sweat glands, salivary glands, and
• Line oral cavity, vagina, and the pancreas
anal canal
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Free surface
of tissue
Stratified
cuboidal
epithelium
Squamous Nucleus
cells
Lumen
Free surface
of tissue
Basement
membrane
Connective
tissue
(a) (b)
Layer of
dividing
cells
Basement
membrane
b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer.
Connective
(a)
tissue
(b)
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b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
Epithelial Tissue
• Stratified columnar: • Transitional:
• Top layer of elongated cells • Many cell layers
• Cube-shaped cells in deeper • Cube-shaped and elongated
layers cells
• Line part of male urethra and • Line urinary bladder,
part of pharynx ureters, and part of urethra
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Free surface
of tissue
Unstretched
transitional
epithelium
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Lumen
Basement
Free surface membrane
of tissue
Stratified Underlying
columnar connective tissue
epithelium (a) (b)
Basement
membrane
Free surface
Connective of tissue
tissue Stretched
transitional
epithelium
(a) (b) Basement
membrane
Underlying
connective tissue
b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
(c) (d)
b,d: © Ed Reschke
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Glandular Epithelium
• Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and
secrete substances
Tissue surface
Duct
Secretory portion
New cell
forming by
mitosis and
cytokinesis
• Mast cells
• Fixed cell
• Release heparin
• Release histamine
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Connective Tissue
Fiber Types Present
• Collagenous fibers • Elastic fibers
• Thick • Bundles of microfibrils
• Composed of collagen embedded in elastin
• Great tensile strength • Fibers branch
• Abundant in dense CT • Elastic
• Hold structures together • Vocal cords, air passages
• Tendons, ligaments
• Reticular fibers
• Very thin collagenous fibers
• Highly branched
• Form supportive networks
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Connective Tissues
• Connective Tissue Proper: • Specialized Connective Tissue:
• Loose connective tissue • Cartilage
• Adipose tissue • Bone
• Reticular connective tissue • Blood
• Dense connective tissue
• Elastic connective tissue
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Connective Tissue Types
• Loose Connective Tissue • Adipose Tissue
• Mainly fibroblasts • Adipocytes
• Fluid to gel-like matrix • Cushions
• Collagenous fibers • Insulates
• Elastic fibers • Store fats
• Bind skin to structures • Beneath skin
• Beneath most epithelia • Behind eyeballs
• Blood vessels nourish • Around kidneys and heart
nearby epithelial cells Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
• Between muscles
Cytsol
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fat droplet
Collagenous Cell
fiber membrane
Fibroblast Nucleus
Elastic
fiber
b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer
(a) (b)
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b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer
Connective Tissue Types
• Reticular Connective Tissue • Dense Connective Tissue
• Composed of reticular fibers • Packed collagenous fibers
• Supports internal organ walls • Elastic fibers
• Walls of liver, spleen, • Few fibroblasts
lymphatic organs • Bind body parts together
• Tendons, ligaments, dermis
• Poor blood supply
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fibroblasts
Collagenous
fibers
Collagenous
fibers
Fibroblast
(a) (b)
b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer
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Connective Tissue Types
• Elastic Connective Tissue • Bone (Osseous Tissue)
• Abundant in elastic fibers • Solid matrix
• Some collagenous fibers • Supports
• Fibroblasts • Protects
• Attachments between bones • Forms blood cells
• Walls of large arteries, airways, heart • Attachment for muscles
• Skeleton
• Osteocytes in lacunae
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Collagenous
fibers Osteon
Lamella
Fibroblast
Central
canal
Elastic fibers
Osteocyte
in lacuna
(a) (b)
b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer
Osteocyte
Nucleus
Cell process in
canaliculus
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b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer
Connective Tissue Types
• Hyaline cartilage
• Most abundant
• Ends of bones
• Nose, respiratory passages
• Cartilage • Embryonic skeleton
• Rigid matrix
• Chondrocytes in lacunae • Elastic cartilage
• Poor blood supply • Flexible
• Three (3) types: • External ear, larynx
• Hyaline Cartilage
• Elastic Cartilage
• Fibrocartilage
• Fibrocartilage
• Very tough
• Shock absorber
• Intervertebral discs
• Pads of knee and pelvic girdle
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Connective Tissue Types
Three (3) types of cartilage:
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Elastic fibers
Nucleus
Nucleus
Lacuna
Lacuna
Chondrocyte Chondrocyte
Extracellular
matrix
Extracellular
(a) (b) matrix
(a) (b)
Lacuna
Chondrocyte
Nucleus
Collagenous
fiber
Extracellular
matrix
(a) (b)
• Blood
• Fluid matrix called plasma
• Red blood cells Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
• Platelets
Red blood
cells
• Transports
Plasma
(extracellular
matrix of blood)
• Defends Platelets
vessels
• Heart
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Types of Membranes
• There are four (4) types of epithelial membranes:
1. Serous Membranes 2. Mucous Membranes
• Line body cavities that • Line tubes and organs
do not open to the that open to outside world
outside • Lining of mouth, nose,
• Reduce friction throat, etc.
• Inner lining of thorax • Secrete mucus
and abdomen
• Cover organs of thorax
3. Cutaneous Membranes
• Covers body
and abdomen
• Skin
• Secrete serous fluid
4. Synovial Membranes
• Composed entirely of
connective tissue
• Lines joints
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Muscle Tissues
• Skeletal muscle
• Attached to bones
• Striated
• General characteristics: • Voluntary
• Muscle cells also called
muscle fibers • Smooth muscle
• Contractile • Walls of organs
• Three (3) types: • Skin
• Skeletal muscle • Walls of blood vessels
• Smooth muscle • Involuntary
• Cardiac muscle • Non-striated
• Cardiac muscle
• Heart wall
• Involuntary
• Striated
• Intercalated discs 23
Muscle Tissue
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Striations
Cytoplasm
Nuclei Nucleus
Portion of a
muscle fiber
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
Striations
Nucleus
Intercalated
disc
(a) (b)
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Cardiac Muscle
Nervous Tissue
Cytoplasm
Neuroglial
cells
• Sensory reception
(a) (b)
b: © Ed Reschke.
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