Biofuels: Generation, Processing, Research & Uses
Biofuels: Generation, Processing, Research & Uses
Biofuels: Generation, Processing, Research & Uses
But why it is
NEED OF TIME?
Burning releases So,
only recently Greenhouse
trapped carbon effect is
Is it really into atmosphere lowered
by burning
Biofuels can be solid, liquid, or gas-
LIQUID IS MOST COMMON What are their sources?
EXAMPLES • Recently living plant or animal
body, possibly altered by chemical
Ethanol & Liquid or biochemical means
• NOT BY GEOLOGICAL MEANS
Biodiesel
Sources
Sewage gas Gas
& cattle dung Oilseed, both edible and inedible
gas Carbohydrate producing plants
Woods and cellulosic waste
Biochar & Solid
agro-waste Algae
And Many More The materials
Biochemica from the
Chemical Thermal sources then
l
Conversion Conversion undergoes
Conversion
Generation of Biofuels Just like
Generation
of
1 st 2nd Phones
Generation Generation
Biofuel from Biofuel from
edible sugar, inedible oilseed and
starch and oilseed cellulose of wood
sources
Vegetable oil
The Process in a nutshell Animal fat
Extract the oil Soybean oil
and trans-esterify it Mustard oil
Sunflower oil
Palm oil
The Second Generation developments of biofuels
Inedible
oilseeds to
Two great leaps Cellulose to
towards non-food fuel bioethanol
biodiesel
source
Wood
The two-step Cellulose breakdown
to sugar monomer by
Fermentation of
breakdown of sugar to ethanol
cellulose enzymatic action
Since breaking so large a polymer is not easy, conversion of cellulose to ethanol is more difficult
II
●
Seeds Food
Sap of Sugar-
stalk Converted
to ethanol
Sweet Sorghum- Leaves Cattle
The Ultimate 3F and dry Feed
crop plant
More Biofuels Solid and Gaseous Fuel
A Cheap Yet
valuable
Organic Biogenic
Cattle Dung Biogas Waste
Tool for
Chemists
Anaerobic Biogeni
Fermentation c Pyrolysis Biochar
Sewage Sewage Syngas
Waste Gas
Briquettes of Agricultural waste, Sawdust,
Grass Cutting etc
Both of them are potentially good Fuel Gas, Burned as fuel to save trees of forest
But Sewage Gas Contains Some Foul- (Congo, Mid-Africa)
smelling Amines and Sulfides
But This Burning
Releases Dangerous
PAH into
Atmosphere
Liquid Biofuels- More Discussion
Fuel Fuel Fuel
Energy Energy Energy
Cleannes Cleannes Cleannes
Density s Density s Density s
O
K
Solid Fuel
X Best
O
K
O
K
Liquid Fuel
X
O
K
Gaseous Fuel
Users
BRAZIL USA Bioethanol
European Union Biodiesel
Biofuels in Engine- scopes and limitation
Bioethanol
• Viscosity, polarity, water
Can’t be used as fuel alone
So
solubility much different
than Gasoline Used up to 15% mixed with Gasoline to Increase octane
• Energy Density quite lower number and Decrease CO emission
than Gasoline
Can be made By BACTERIAL (not fungal)
BIOBUTANOL can be DIRECTLY BURNED in gasoline engine fermentation of sugar,Glycerol (1st, 2nd , 3rd
WITHOUT ENGINE MODIFICATION! Gen) or even directly from Carbon dioxide
(4th Gen.)
All post-1990 diesel
Biodiesel Gains much vehicles have
• Good solvent, more Viscosity Used as Diesel additive
sophisticated fuel
keeps engine mixed with diesel, to
than diesel injection system, so only
clean of Rust older diesel vehicles can
when cooled run on direct biodiesel
and Dirt
• Reduce Particulate
• Low Water Can not be used directly in diesel
Emission
Solubility, engine with sophisticated fuel
• Reduce CO emission
Water can’t injector (very sensitive to viscosity)
Alternative Biofuels Bioethers
• Reaction Product of alcohol and iso-olefins
• Used as Gasoline additive, not as fuel alone
Burned Cooking Oil
Collect from fryer, filter Impurities and use as fuel
(IN DIESEL ENGINE) in hot state! Or may Transesterify it!
Both
Plants
&
Animal
Sources
Would
Do
CO2,H2S
Hydrotreating
Hydrodeoxygenation Product of Glycerin
Decarboxylation
Thanks For
Listening about