Lesson 15: Costache Reli-Cătălina

LESSON 15
COSTACHE RELI-CĂTĂLINA
ADJECTIVES
• Adjectives are words that give more information about a noun or
pronoun and can go in different positions in a sentence.
E.G. He is a handsome man.
This chocolate is sweet.
John is young.
Where adjectives go in a sentence
- We use adjectives to describe nouns.

- Most adjectives can be used in front of a noun:
E.G.They have a beautiful house.
We saw a very exciting film last night.
or after a link verb like be, look or feel:

E.G.Their house is beautiful.
That film looks interesting.
Adjectives with '-ing' and '-ed'
• A lot of adjectives are made

from verbs by adding -
ing or -ed:
-ing adjectives
• The commonest ING adjectives are:

- Boring
- Amusing
- Annoying
- Disappointing
- Exciting
- Interesting
- Frightening
- Tiring
- Shocking
- Surprising
- Worrying
- If you say something is interesting, you mean it
interests you
e.g. I read a very interesting article in the newspaper
today.
- If you say something is terrifying, you mean it terrifies
you.
e.g. That Dracula film was absolutely terrifying.
-ed adjectives
The commonest –ED adjectives are:

- Annoyed
- Bored
- Closed
- Delighted
- Disappointed
- Excited
- Frightened
- Tired
- Worried
- If something bores you, you can say you feel bored.
e.g. We had nothing to do. We were really bored.
- If something terrifies you, you can say you feel
terrified
e.g. I did not enjoy Dracula film. Most of the time I was
terrified.
Adjective order
e.g. a big black American care

a nice handsome young man
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
General Specific
Size Shape Age Colour Nationality Material
opinion opinion
Adjectives after link words
• We use some adjectives only after a link verb: afraid, alive, alone,
asleep, content, glad, ill, ready, sorry, sure, unable, annoyed, bored,
finished, pleased, thrilled.
• WE SAY:
e.g. Our teacher was ill.
The policeman seemed to be very annoyed.
BUT WE DO NOT SAY:
We had an ill teacher.
He seemed to be a very annoyed policeman
Adjectives in front of nouns
• A few adjectives are used only in front of a noun: north, south, east,
west, northern, southern, eastern, western, countless, occasional,
lone, mere, indoor, outdoor.
• WE SAY:
E.g. He lives in the eastern district.
There were countless problems with the new machinery.
We DO NOT SAY:
E.g. The district he lives in is eastern.
The problems with the new machinery were countless.
The comparative and the superlative
Comparative adjectives
Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify
(larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared.
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).
The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example
below).
• Examples
My house is larger than hers.
This box is smaller than the one I lost.
Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
The rock flew higher than the roof.
Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" is understood)
• Superlative adjectives
Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or
lower limit of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They
are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.
• Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).
The group that is being compared with can be omitted if it is clear from the
context (final example below).
• Examples
My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.
This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. ("of all the
rocks" is understood)
Forming regular comparatives and superlatives
Forming
comparatives and
superlatives is
easy. The form
depends on the
number of
syllables in the
original adjective.
• One syllable adjective
Add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has
a consonant + single vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must
be doubled before adding the ending.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
tall taller tallest
fat fatter fattest
big bigger biggest
sad sadder saddest

• Two syllables
Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative either by adding -er or by
preceeding the adjective with more. These adjectives form the superlative either by
adding -est or by preceeding the adjective with most. In many cases, both forms are
used, although one usage will be more common than the other. If you are not sure
whether a two-syllable adjective can take a comparative or superlative ending, play it
safe and use more and most instead. For adjectives ending in y, change the y to an i
before adding the ending.
happy happier happiest
simple simpler simplest
busy busier busiest
tilted more tilted most tilted
tangled more tangled most tangled

• Three or more syllables
Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by
putting more in front of the adjective, and the superlative by
putting most in front.

important more important most important
expensive more expensive most expensive
• Irregular comparatives and superlatives
These very common adjectives have completely irregular comparative
and superlative forms.
good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
much more most
far further / farther furthest / farthest

Today is the worst day I've had in a long time.
You play tennis better than I do.
This is the least expensive sweater in the store.
This sweater is less expensive than that one.
I ran pretty far yesterday, but I ran
even farther today.
EXERCISES
• Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).
1.My house is (big) than yours.
2.This flower is (beautiful) than that one.
3.This is the (interesting) book I have ever read.
4.Non-smokers usually live (long) than smokers.
5.Which is the (dangerous) animal in the world?
6.A holiday by the sea is (good) than a holiday in the mountains.
7.It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) than a beer.
8.Who is the (rich) woman on earth?
9.The weather this summer is even (bad) than last summer.
10.He was the (clever) thief of all.
• Comparative adjective. Fill in the gaps with the comparative or superlative forms of the
adjectives in brackets to complete the following sentences in English.
1. This river is not long but it is ... one in the country. (wide)
2. Your car is ... than mine. (fast)
3. Which is ... actress in the theatre? (slim)
4. This end is ... than that one. (clean)
5. This building is ... in the street. (big)
6. The Atlantic is ... than the Arctic Ocean. (large)
7. This is ... day in my life. (happy)
8. The Pacific is ... ocean on the earth. (large)
9. This equation is ... than that one. (simple)
10. Which tree is ...: this one or that one? (low)
11. The sand is ... here than over there. (dry)
12. Steve is ... than his brother. (strong)
13. In my opinion, Napoleon was ... commander in history. (great)
14. The left shoe is ... than the right one. (small)
15. My car is ... than yours. (big)
16. This is ... building in the town. (high)
17. I am ... than you. (old)
18. This is ... story I have ever heard. (sad)
19. The right trouser-leg is ... than the left one. (wide)
20. This is ... hat we have got. (small)
• Comparative of adjectives exercise. Fill in the gaps with the comparative or superlative forms
of the adjectives in brackets to complete the following sentences in English.
1. Our ... research should prove it. (far)
2. It will be ... to remove it now. (easy)
3. The weather today is ... than it was yesterday. (bad)
4. My ... brother is a lawyer. (old)
5. Hit it .... (hard)
7. Who is a ... driver: you or your wife? (good)

8. Here is a ... map. (detailed)
9. Neptune is ... away from the Sun than Jupiter. (far)
10. Mary cooks .... than I do. (well)
11. I lost ... than I'd thought. (little)
13. I don't want any ... hints. (far)

14. It is ... away than I've expected. (far)
15. John is a ... actor than I am. (good)
16. This copy is in a ... condition. (good)
18. His ... sister is than his older sister. (young / nice)

19. It took me ... than you think. (long)
20. I sleep ... now. (well)
• Comparative adjectives exercise. Fill in the gaps with the comparative or superlative
forms of the adjectives in brackets to complete the following sentences in English.
1. Sharks are ... than lions. (dangerous)
2. William Shakespeare is ... than Christopher Marlowe. (famous)
3. Henry is ... than his sister. (absent-minded)
4. Tom is ... than David. (selfish)
5. He is ... than he used to be last year. (fat)
6. Andrew seems to be ... than he was two months ago. (slim)
7. Walt is ... nowadays than he used to be when he was .... (impatient / young)
8. Our town is ... than Manchester. (attractive)
9. Tom is ... than his elder brother. (impulsive)
10. This poem is .... than any other poem I've read. (pathetic)
11. Your house is .... than mine. (beautiful)
12. His room is .... than yours. (dark)
13. I think that English films are ... than American ones. (interesting)
14. George runs ... than Jim. (fast)
15. The living conditions are ... than they used to be. (bad)
16. Today Father is ... than usual. (irritated)
17. Exercise 16 is ... than exercise 15. (easy)
18. "Prevention is ... than cure". (good)
19. Your argumentation is ... than Robert's. (convincing)
20. At home, Mother is always ... than Father. (busy)

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LESSON 15

- We use adjectives to describe nouns.

or after a link verb like be, look or feel:

• A lot of adjectives are made

• The commonest ING adjectives are:

The commonest –ED adjectives are:

e.g. a big black American care

Adjective Comparative Superlative

tall taller tallest

fat fatter fattest

big bigger biggest

sad sadder saddest

happy happier happiest

simple simpler simplest

busy busier busiest

tilted more tilted most tilted

tangled more tangled most tangled

Adjective Comparative Superlative

good better best

bad worse worst

little less least

much more most

far further / farther furthest / farthest

7. Who is a ... driver: you or your wife? (good)

13. I don't want any ... hints. (far)

18. His ... sister is than his older sister. (young / nice)

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