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    Advanced Safety System IN Autmobiles: Presented by Javed Bari S 1BM07ME093

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    javedbari
    The document discusses advanced safety systems in automobiles, focusing on anti-lock braking systems (ABS). It describes the functions and components of ABS, including sensors, pumps, valves and controllers. It explains the different types of ABS and how they work. It also discusses recent advancements like electronic stability control and traction control systems. The effectiveness of ABS in reducing accidents and stopping distances is highlighted, along with limitations like failing to work if all wheels lock. Testing and validation methods are outlined. The role of the driver in fully utilizing ABS is discussed. In closing, ABS is described as a necessary safety feature that helps drivers stop more safely, especially when conditions are challenging.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Advanced Safety System IN Autmobiles: Presented by Javed Bari S 1BM07ME093

    Uploaded by

    javedbari
    20 views28 pages
    The document discusses advanced safety systems in automobiles, focusing on anti-lock braking systems (ABS). It describes the functions and components of ABS, including sensors, pumps, valves and controllers. It explains the different types of ABS and how they work. It also discusses recent advancements like electronic stability control and traction control systems. The effectiveness of ABS in reducing accidents and stopping distances is highlighted, along with limitations like failing to work if all wheels lock. Testing and validation methods are outlined. The role of the driver in fully utilizing ABS is discussed. In closing, ABS is described as a necessary safety feature that helps drivers stop more safely, especially when conditions are challenging.

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    Original Title

    ABSEMINAR

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    The document discusses advanced safety systems in automobiles, focusing on anti-lock braking systems (ABS). It describes the functions and components of ABS, including sensors, pumps, valves and controllers. It explains the different types of ABS and how they work. It also discusses recent advancements like electronic stability control and traction control systems. The effectiveness of ABS in reducing accidents and stopping distances is highlighted, along with limitations like failing to work if all wheels lock. Testing and validation methods are outlined. The role of the driver in fully utilizing ABS is discussed. In closing, ABS is described as a necessary safety feature that helps drivers stop more safely, especially when conditions are challenging.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views28 pages

    Advanced Safety System IN Autmobiles: Presented by Javed Bari S 1BM07ME093

    Uploaded by

    javedbari
    The document discusses advanced safety systems in automobiles, focusing on anti-lock braking systems (ABS). It describes the functions and components of ABS, including sensors, pumps, valves and controllers. It explains the different types of ABS and how they work. It also discusses recent advancements like electronic stability control and traction control systems. The effectiveness of ABS in reducing accidents and stopping distances is highlighted, along with limitations like failing to work if all wheels lock. Testing and validation methods are outlined. The role of the driver in fully utilizing ABS is discussed. In closing, ABS is described as a necessary safety feature that helps drivers stop more safely, especially when conditions are challenging.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    ADVANCED SAFETY SYSTEM

    IN
    AUTMOBILES

    PRESENTED BY
    Javed Bari S
    1BM07ME093
    INTRODUCTION

    This is the era of automobile revolution. People in


    old days looked for comfort luxury and economy,
    but now they are keener on safety.
    Safety places an important roll on the design and
    production of modern car. A lot of research and
    developments are going on in this field and hence
    a lot of safety devices are being implemented on
    modern cars.
    Types Of Safety Systems
    Safety systems in automobiles are classified into two types

    • Passive System :Passive safety systems get activated


    only at the time of an accidents and helps in ensuring safety
    to the occupants during the crash.

    •Active System :Active safety systems are those


    systems, which are active during driving and help in
    avoiding and preventing accidents.
     ABS – Function, Design & Working
     ABS types
     Recent Advancements
     Effectiveness & Limitations
     Testing & Validation
     Job of the Driver
     Closing Remarks
    FUNCTION

     To maintain the stability & steer-ability of the vehicle


    while the wheels are impending lock or skid in
    varying road conditions during braking.
     To maneuver in your intended direction during
    “panic-stop” situation.
     To stop the vehicle with minimum stopping distance.
    DESIGN & WORKING-EARLY ABS

     Consisted of Mechanical components only-Drum, Flywheel.


     Relative angular speed difference between Drum & Flywheel causes some
    drop in main hydraulic line & thereby reducing brake pressure in the
    adequate amount.
    DESIGN & WORKING-TODAY’S
    ABS
    COMPONENTS
     Speed Sensors-The anti-lock braking system needs some way of knowing when a wheel is about to lock up. The

    speed sensors, which are located at each wheel, or in some cases in the differential, provide this information.
     Pump-Since the valve is able to release pressure from the brakes, there has to be some way to put that pressure

    back. That is what the pump does; when a valve reduces the pressure in a line, the pump is there to get the pressure

    back up.
     Valves-There is a valve in the brake line of each brake controlled by the ABS. On some systems, the valve has

    three positions:

    a. In position one, the valve is open; pressure from the master cylinder is passed right through to the brake.

    b. In position two, the valve blocks the line, isolating that brake from the master cylinder. This prevents the pressure

    from rising further should the driver push the brake pedal harder.

    c. In position three, the valve releases some of the pressure from the brake.
     Controller-The controller is a computer in the car. It watches the speed sensors and controls the valves.
    PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE
    Operation
    -Wheel speed sensor (A) senses the abnormal spinning of the
    wheel .
    -Signal(input strength) is sent to the ECU (B).
    -ECU processes it & communicates with HCU (C) to increase or
    decrease the brake pressure Tin the brake line (D) to the affected
    wheel.
    FLOW CHART

    INPUT TO
    ABS

    PROCESSING

    OUTPUT-OPTIMUM
    BRAKING PRESSURE
    AGENDA

     ABS – Function, Design & Working.


     ABS types.
     Recent Advancements.
     Effectiveness & Limitations.
     Testing & Validation.
     Job of the Driver.
     Closing Remarks.
    ANTI-LOCK BRAKE TYPES

     Four-channel, four-sensor ABS-This is the best scheme. There is a speed sensor on all

    four wheels and a separate valve for all four wheels. With this setup, the controller

    monitors each wheel individually to make sure it is achieving maximum braking force.
     Three-channel, three-sensor ABS-This scheme, commonly found on pickup trucks with

    four-wheel ABS, has a speed sensor and a valve for each of the front wheels, with one

    valve and one sensor for both rear wheels. The speed sensor for the rear wheels is located

    in the rear axle.


     One-channel, one-sensor ABS-This system is commonly found on pickup trucks with

    rear-wheel ABS. It has one valve, which controls both rear wheels, and one speed sensor,

    located in the rear axle.


    AGENDA

     ABS – Function, Design & Working.


     ABS types.
     Recent Advancements.
     Effectiveness & Limitations.
     Testing & Validation.
     Job of the Driver.
     Closing Remarks.
    EBD-ELECTRONIC BRAKING FORCE DISTRIBUTION

     Function-The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system


    is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear wheels
    & it automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a
    vehicle's brakes, based on road conditions, speed, loading/weight, etc.
     The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal
    brake force distribution in a partial braking.
     EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to
    maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular control.
    SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF EBD
    ESC-ELECTRONIC STABILITY
    CONTROL

    FUNCTION- To detect loss of steering control, & automatically apply the brakes to

    help "steer" the vehicle where the driver intends to go.


     It works always with ABS. Consists of two more sensors-Steering wheel sensor &

    Yaw sensor.During normal driving, ESC works in the background and continuously

    monitors steering and vehicle direction.


     When there is a condition of under-steer or over-steer, the asymmetrical braking force

    is applied on either inner rear (to counter understeer) or outer rear wheel (to counter

    oversteer) which helps the vehicle to take a turn in a controlled manner & to its

    intended direction.
    TCS-TRACTION CONTROL
    SYSTEM
    FUNCTION-  To prevent loss of traction of the driven road wheels, and therefore maintain the

    control of the vehicle when excessive throttle is applied by the driver (rapid acceleration) and the

    condition of the road surface (due to varying factors) is unable to cope with the torque applied.

    The intervention can consist of one or more of the following:


     Retard or suppress the spark to one or more cylinders.
     Reduce fuel supply to one or more cylinders.
     Brake one or more wheels.
     Close the throttle.
     In turbo-charged vehicles, the boost control solenoid can be actuated to reduce boost and

    therefore engine power.


    AGENDA

     ABS – Function, Design & Working


     ABS types
     Recent Advancements
     Effectiveness & Limitations
     Testing & Validation
     Job of the Driver
     Closing Remarks
    EFFECTIVENESS
     Reduces the risk of multiple vehicle crashes by 18 percent,
     Reduces the risk of run-off-road crashes by 35 percent.
     On high-traction surfaces such as bitumen, or concrete, ABS reduces
    stopping distances.
     Better than Threshold braking.
     Reduces chances of skid & hence maintains the stability &
    steer-ability.
     Reduces wear & tear of tires.
    LIMITATIONS

     ABS fails to function when all wheels get locked

    during braking.

     Drivers of vehicles equipped with ABS tend to be

    careless or overconfident (psychological influence).


    AGENDA

     ABS – Function, Design & Working


     ABS types
     Recent Advancements
     Effectiveness & Limitations
     Testing & Validation
     Job of the Driver
     Closing Remarks
    TESTING & VALIDATION

     Stability & Steer-ability.

     Full braking on a curve & swerving.

     Stopping distance.

     More control on varying road conditions.


    AGENDA

     ABS – Function, Design & Working


     ABS types
     Recent Advancements
     Effectiveness& Limitations
     Testing & Validation
     Job of the Driver
     Closing Remarks
    How can I make best use of ABS ?
    JOB OF THE DRIVER (3S RULES)

     In order for ABS to Function effectively, driver should


    press the brake pedal as hard as possible.
     Do not put off your feet from the pedal if you sense
    “pulsing”(-it indicates that ABS is working).
     Driver should normally steer the vehicle to its
    intended direction.
     Don't release the pedal until you have safely stopped.
    AGENDA

     ABS – Function, Design & Working


     ABS types
     Recent Advancements
     Effectiveness & Limitations
     Testing & Validation
     Job of the Driver
     Closing Remarks
    CLOSING REMARKS

     Today ABS is a utmost necessary advanced safety feature


    in almost any automobile.
     EBD, ESC & TCS assist ABS depending on their specific
    capabilities and functions.
     Even an alert skilled driver would find it difficult without
    ABS to match the performance of vehicle with ABS.
     Even if your vehicle has ABS, Be attentive while driving.
    REFERENCES
     "Non-Skid Braking", FLIGHT International, 30 October 1953, pg.
    587-588.
      "ABS Frequently Asked Questions". ABS Education Alliance.
    2004-05-03. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
     World Wide Web.
     Design Of Transmission Elements-course.
     Andrew Trevitt, 
    Traction Control and other electronic trickery used in MotoGP,
    Sport Rider, retrieved 2010-01-03.
     
    EU Commission, FIA, And Euro NCAP Recommend 'No Car Witho
    ut ESP'
    , retrieved 2007-12-28.
    HAVE A SAFE RIDE WITH ABS

    THANK Q

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