Drug Education

Module
TREDTWO Class
Opening Prayer
Let me be the change I want to
see To do with strength and
wisdom All that needs to be
done..
And become the hope that I can
be.
Set me free from my fears and
hesitations
Grant me courage and humility
Fill me with spirit to face the
challenge And start the change
I long to see.
Today I start the change I want
to see.
Even if I’m not the light
I can be the spark
Drug Education
Module
TREDTWO Class
Objectives

Knowledge Skills

Attitudes & Values

 Situationer
Use of dangerous drugs is prohibited by
R.A. 9165:
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002.

An estimated 246 million people, or 1 in 20

people between ages 15 and 64 years,
abused drugs in 2013.

An estimated 1.8 million drug users

reported in the
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) World Drug Report 2015 Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB), Republic of the
Philippines (2016)
Image Source http://images.medicaldaily.com/sites/medicaldaily.com/files/styles/headline/public/2016/04/22/drug-addiction.jpg
Philippines in 2012.
 Situationer

Most Commonly Abused Drugs Most No. of Drug-affected

Shabu: 95.47% Barangays
Marijuana: 4.29% NCR: 92.26%
Others(cocaine, ecstasy, Region 4A: 49.28%
etc.): 0.24% Region 7: 48.82%

Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Annual Report (2015)

 Situationer

No. of users in terms of Substance mostly used by

age Youth
17 years – 112 Inhalants
old – 59 Marijuana
16 years – 35 Ecstasy
old – 12 Level of use among
15 years –3 adolescents Experimenters
old Occasional users Regular
14 years users
old
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Annual Report (2015)
11 years
old
Situationer: DLSU
Student Handbook Section 5.3.1.7

The unauthorized bringing in, carrying,

possession or use of prohibited or
regulated drugs or chemicals without
proper prescription, inside University
premises or outside the University during
academic function or school activity, and
any other violation of the provisions of
R.A. 9165, otherwise known as the
“Comprehensive
Image Source:
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002” is a
MAJOR OFFENSE.
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CQEzdmVVAAAETaN.jpg
 Situationer

Close Up Forever Summer Incident (May

2016)

5 Deaths
PNP Autopsy Report: “Brain injury and heart
failure” NBI Autopsy Report: “[Heart is] dark, very
black, [with] areas of bleeding.”

Philippine National Police; National Bureau of Investigation

 Situationer
Why, Oh Why Survey 2016 (SDFO
Survey)

Common Reasons for Drug

involvement
Personal Problems
Peer Pressure
It just feels good
Curiously and experimentation
Escape from reality
Student Discipline Formation Office
Others
Image Source http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/research/centers/yc/gallery/resources/yuchengco-building.jpg
 Drugs

Any substance that prevents or cures

diseases,
or enhances physical or mental welfare.

Any chemical agent that alters the

biochemical or physiological processes
of tissues or organisms.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

Image Source http://media.vocativ.com/photos/2016/02/drugs-pills-0323153180635513.jpg
http://media.vocativ.com/photos/2016/02/drugs-pills-0323153180635513.jpg
https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/medbydesign/images/ch1_drugadmin.jpg
 Drugs

Legal Drugs
(Prescribed and OTC Drugs)

Illegal Drugs
(Psychoactive Substances)

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

Image Source http://media.mercola.com/imageserver/public/2010/May/5.25drug-prescription.jpg
http://www.businesspundit.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Cover-600x4811.jpg
 Psychoactive
Substances
Substances that modify a person’s perception, mood,
cognition, behavior, or motor functions

Substance Abuse
The harmful use of psychoactive
substances, including alcohol and other
drugs (AOD).

World Health Organization, 2000

 The sustained use of psychoactive
substances can lead to
adependence syndrome
cluster of behavioral,
cognitive, and
physiological phenomena.

World Health Organization, 2000

Introduction to Drug Dependency
V ideo (“1 - Addiction: Contex t and Signs
”)
 Understanding Drug Dependence

Typically characterized by:

A strong desire to consume drugs

Difficulty controlling its use
Persistent use despite detrimental
effects Preference to use drugs than
to other activities Increasing
tolerance to the drug used
World Health Organization, 2016
 Understanding Drug Dependence

Addiction is progressive.
Without intervention or treatment,
it can cause disability or even
death.
Common Signs of Drug Use

Changes in attendance in school or

work Abrupt changes in overall
attitude Irritable, discourteous,
aggressive
Usually untrustworthy and lacks self-
confidence
Low frustration tolerance
World Health Organization, 2000
Lacking
Image Source interest in one’s studies or work
http://www.about-drugs.org/skin1/images/signs-of-drug-use.jpg
Common Signs of Drug Use

Blames everybody but oneself Prefers to

stay with peers May frequent odd places
Poor physical appearance
Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate
times
Unusual effort to cover arms to hide
needle marks
World Health Organization, 2000
Image Source https://i.ytimg.com/vi/g_-TnJ3Myvs/maxresdefault.jpg
Common Signs of Drug Use

Stealing items which can be readily

sold Unusual borrowing of money from
relatives and friends
Association with known drug abuses

World Health Organization, 2000

Image Source http://cnnphilippines.com/news/vwekg9-Criminals-
PH_CNNPH.png/alternates/FREE_640/Criminals-PH_CNNPH.png
 Effects of Drug Abuse

Person
Family

Community

Society
Image Source http://www.addictionsearch.com/_media/addictionsearch/articles/what_substance_addiction2.jpg
 Effects on the Person

Medical and Physical Deterioration

Respiratory, digestive, and other health
problems

Personal Deterioration
Manipulativeness; negative attitudes;
selfishness; low frustration tolerance;
poor family relations; non-
trustworthiness; depression; absence of
good
Image Source http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/images/1HT00463/drug_abusers_03.jpg
manners and right conduct, among others.
 Effects on the Person
Mental Deterioration
Loss of interest to productive activities;
emotional immaturity; no initiative for
self-improvement; inability to
concentrate; psychosis, among others.

Spiritual Deterioration
Drug abusers are godless; no spiritual
beliefs, no spiritual obligations, nor
religious responsibilities.
Image Source http://www.drug-addiction-support.org/images/xnarcoticsusefactsnodup.jpg.pagespeed.ic.7N3BEgjF7v.jpg
 Effects on the Family

Family members develop intense feelings of

humiliation and guilt
Low self esteem of family members
Spirit of togetherness and unity are broken
Domestic violence
Loss of money or valuables

Image Source http://img.zhiding.cn/4/501/lisbKfA1c1WuE.jpg?rand=122

 Effects on the Community

Increase in petty crimes within

neighborhoods Increase of drug dependents
and drug pushers Developing fear of drug
users among residents,
especially at night
Neighborhood association and interaction is
reduced
Image Source https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4036/4628934493_db6054a5f4_b.jpg
 Effects on Society

Increase in heinous and anti-social crimes

Overwhelming fear towards drug dependents,
limiting
people’s movement especially at night
Disregarding of moral values and the
deterioration of the moral fiber of society
(leading to prostitution, pedophilia, child
abuse, and other immoral acts)
A threat to national security
Image Source https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/e6/c2/78/e6c278a9b8f3cd0d433920bfbfbfc80b.jpg
Myths and Misconceptions
V ide o (“ 2 - Th e y S aid...The y
L ie d”)
 Myths & Misconceptions

“Recreational use of drugs is not

harmful”

All illegal drugs are dangerous and can cause

physical and psychological changes to
the user.

Prolonged drug use worsens the harmful

effects. Prescription drugs should
always be administered and used only at
Image Source http://www.drugrehab.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/recreational-drug-use.jpg

the direction of a physician.

 Myths & Misconceptions
“Marijuana is no worse than using
alcohol
or tobacco”

Alcohol leaves the body within 24 hours (it

is water- soluble)
Marijuana is fat-soluble. It attaches to fatty
parts of the body (usually the brain and
reproductive organs) and can be detected
up to 30 days after initial use.
Image Source http://www.wallstreethedge.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/marijuana-use.jpg
 Myths & Misconceptions
“Marijuana is no worse than using
alcohol
or tobacco”
Marijuana:

Impairs short term memory

Interferes with reproductive functions
Impairs lung and respiratory functions
Interferes with perception, judgment,
and fine motor skills
Image Source http://www.wallstreethedge.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/marijuana-use.jpg
 Myths & Misconceptions

“Everybody is taking drugs. Only the

weak
ones become drug dependent.”

The majority of the population do not use

illegal
drugs.

Peer pressure is always difficult to cope

with and it takes more courage and
strength to stand up for what youjpg.4882/
Image Source http://www.americanmilitaryforum.com/forums/attachments/philippinexs_war_on_drugs_kills_34_in_4_days-jpg_1718483346- know is
right.
 Myths & Misconceptions

“Drug abuse is a ‘victimless’ crime

that
only hurts the user.”

It affects the user, one’s family, friends,

immediate
community, and society at large.

Image Source http://i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/160804020917-phillippines-duterte-drug-war-watson-pkg-00011921-full-169.jpg

 Myths & Misconceptions

“If a person wants to take drugs,

governments should not interfere”
The rights of an individual must be
consistent with
the safety and welfare of all.

No one has a right to behave in a manner

destructive to others. Users must accept
responsibility for the damage,
disruption and destabilizing effects
Image Source https://img.rt.com/files/2016.06/original/575aa675c46188b6328b45a7.jpg
his/her behavior causes.
 Myths & Misconceptions

“All drug users should be

imprisoned.”

Imprisonment does not solve the

problem.

Counseling, medical treatment, and

long-term support are essential as
intervention tools.

Imprisonment does not cure the

Image Source http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2016/07/30/10/36B81D4400000578-3715617-image-a-13_1469872253479.jpg
disease and he/she is likely to return
 School

Family Risk Social

Factors
Other Factors
 Risk Factors (Family)
Drug Use and Criminal Behavior
Drug use in the family is a factor associated with the
initiation and frequency of drug abuse by children.

Poor, Inconsistent Family Management

Practices
Children in families with low disciplinary practices and
interaction with parents are at high risk for delinquency and
drug abuse.
Image source: https://cdn.psychologytoday.com/sites/default/files/blogs/43212/2014/05/151780-155045.jpg
 Risk Factors (Family)

Family Conflict
Children raised in families with high rates of conflict
appear at risk for delinquency and drug abuse.
Homes broken by marital discord are at higher risk of delinquency
and drug use.

Family Social Deprivation

Children living in families characterized by social isolation
and multiple entrapments of parents in extreme poverty are at
elevated risk of drug abuse.
Image Source:https://cdn.shutterstock.com/shutterstock/videos/17614399/thumb/1.jpg?
i10c=img.resize(height:160)
 Risk Factors (Social)

Early Exposure and Frequency of Antisocial Behaviors

Early antisocial behavior in the primary grades predicts

frequent use of drugs in adolescence.
Delinquent behavior may lead to drug
addiction later in adolescence.
 Risk Factors (Social)
Attitudes and Individuals with values different
from those dominant in society are
Beliefs likely to become delinquents and
drug abusers.
These values include:
Low religiosity
Rebelliousness
High tolerance of deviance
Resistance to authority
A strong need for independence

Image Source http://www.davidspell.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/rebelliousteenneleidzia-draugauti.jpg

 Risk Factors (Social)
Attitudes and Beliefs

Knowledge about the health

effects has preventive effect on
drug use. Positive beliefs and
attitude towards use of drugs,
alcohol, and tobacco leads to use
of these vices.

Image Source http://images.wisegeek.com/man-sitting-on-couch-near-drugs.jpg

 Risk Factors (Social)

Peer Pressure and Other

Factors
Drug behavior and drug-related
attitudes of peers are among the
strongest and most potent
predictors of drug involvement.

Image Source http://www.secureteen.com/uploads/2015/05/shutterstock_29507842.jpg

Risk Factors (School)

School Failure
Delinquency is related to academic
performance in school.

School failure in elementary grades

precedes delinquency.

Poor school performance is a common

antecedent into drugs.
 Risk Factors (School)

Low Degree of Commitment to Education

and
Attachment to School

Those who are committed to participating in school

activities, hold high achievement and educational
aspirations are the least prone to delinquency and drug
abuse.

Drug users are more likely to be absent from school, cut

classes and to perform more poorly than non-users.
 Risk Factors (Social)

Neighborhood Attachment and

Community
Disorganization
High population densities, high crime
rates, and lack of natural surveillance in
public places can cause increased
delinquency and drug abuse.

Similar to crime rates, community values

and norms also affect rate of adolescent
delinquency and drug abuse.
 Risk Factors (Other Factors)

Mobility
Increased antisocial behavior results when experiencing
transitions (transferring schools or moving between levels)
Residential mobility can also predict delinquency, and is also
related with drug initiation and frequency of use.

Image Source https://www.dosomething.org/sites/default/files/styles/550x300/public/images/high%20school%20dropout.jpg?itok=CdNg2cdK

 Risk Factors (Other Factors)

Constitutional, Genetic and Personality

Factors

Children with biological or psychological

deficiencies are at greater risk of abusing drugs.

Those displaying abnormal mood, anxiety or behavior

disorders are at increased risk.

Those who are clinically depressive, display anxiety

disorders, or impulse control disorders are
vulnerable to substance abuse.
 Risk Factors (Other Factors)

Media
Advertising is powerful in influencing
youth decisions.

Film and TV stars, pop stars and

fashion models make smoking seem
attractive (Ary, 1988) and the
adolescents imitate them to smoke their
style.
Image Source http://drmichaelwayne.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/drug-ad1.jpg
 Commonly Abused Substances

Alcoh
ol Other Terms: Ethyl alcohol or ethanol
How it is Used: Drinking
Effects on the Body: Slows reflexes and
causes drowsiness when used in excess,
dementia, stroke, cardiovascular
problems, hypertension, increased risk
of many kinds of cancer.
Image source:
http://images.wisegeek.com/two-glasses-of-beer-on-wooden-table.jpg
 Commonly Abused Substances

Caffei
Found in: Coffee, tea, cocoa, soft
ne drinks, and
some medications
How it is Used: Orally in pill form or
consumed in food and drinks
Effects on the Body: Reduces fine motor
coordination, increases alertness,
alters sleep patterns, and can cause
headaches, nervousness, and dizziness.
Image source:
http://images.agoramedia.com/everydayhealth/gcms/10-Essential-Facts-about-Caffeine-01-1440x810.jpg
 Commonly Abused Substances

Nicoti
ne Other Terms: Tobacco; found in
cigarettes,
cigars, and smokeless tobacco
How it is Used: Smoked or chewed
Effects on the Body: Reduces appetite
and can
cause nausea and vomiting, increases
Image source:
alertness.
http://www.wicenet.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Nicotine.jpg
 Commonly Abused Substances

Marijua
na Other Terms: Grass, pot, reefer, and
weed
How it is Used: Usually smoked; baked
into brownies; brewed like tea
Effects on the Body: Marijuana
impairs memory, concentration,
perception, and movement.

Image source: http://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/348038528/960x0.jpg?fit=scale.

https://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/joints_shutterstock-52960849.jpg
 Commonly Abused Substances

Cocain
e Other Terms: Crack, blow, rock, snow,
coke
How it is Used: Snorted, smoked, or
injected
Effects on the Body: Causes
dizziness, headache, stimulates the
brain and spinal cord, and increased
heart rate. Elevated blood pressure,
Image source: http://www.wicenet.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/04/Nicotine.jpg
increased body temperature, increased
 Commonly Abused Substances

Ecsta
sy Other Terms: X, Molly, Happy Drug,
Love Drug
How it is Used: Orally in pill form
Effects on the Body: Increased heart
rate, blood pressure, and body
temperature, dehydration, nausea,
muscle cramping, involuntary teeth
clenching, blurred vision, chills,
sweating.
Image source: https://sossafetymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/ecstasy-1.jpg.
http://drugabuse.com/wp-content/uploads/drugabuse-shutterstock307243289-buying_pills.jpg
 Commonly Abused Substances

Shab
Other Terms: Shabs, S, bato
u
How it is Used: Snorted
Effects on the Body: Tachycardia,
hypertension, atrial and ventricular
arrhythmias, chest pain, accelerated
atherosclerosis, dyspnea, edema,
abscess, cellulitis, seizures,
hypotension, dental caries, periodontal
Image source: http://www.wicenet.com/wp-
abscess (meth mouth), pupillary
content/uploads/2016/04/Nicotine.jpg dilatation.
 Commonly Abused Substances

Benzodiazepi
nes Other Terms: Vs, Downers, Benzos
How it is Used: Taken orally
Effects on the Body: Euphoria,
drowsiness, stupor, coma, respiratory
depression, seizures, slurring of
speech, disorientation, delayed
reflexes.
Image source: http://media.recovery.org/wp-content/uploads/Benzodiazepines2-
640x300.jpg
http://blog.tranquilene.com/Portals/207868/images/benzodiazepines_pills.jpg
 How to Avoid Drug Use
Understand how alcohol and drug
addiction develops
Get help if you have an alcohol
or drug
problem
Avoid temptation and peer
pressure
Find support that you need
Maintain physical wellness and
mental
health
Image source: http://www.formulatedfitness.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/FF-Kids-healthy-Habits.jpg.
http://img.aws.livestrongcdn.com/ls-article-image-400/cme/cme_public_images/www_livestrong_com/photos.demandstudios.com/getty/article/171/18/76764132_XS.jpg.
Use drugs properly
 How to Avoid Drug Use
Accept yourself
Develop your potentials and
engage in
productive and fulfilling
activities
Communicate your issues and
concerns
Learn how to cope with your
problems
Seek professional help if you feel
you cannot cope with problems
Image source: https://feelpositive.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/accept_yourself.jpg?w=300&h=225.
Develop strong moral and
http://a3559z1.americdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/How-to-Engage-Kids-in-Outdoor-Activities-1.jpg
Introduction to Drug
Treatment
V ideo (“3 - Three Legged
Stool”)
 Drug Treatment

Withdrawal Management (WM)

Medical and psychological care of

patients who are experiencing
withdrawal symptoms as a result of
ceasing or reducing use of their drug of
dependence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310652/
 Drug Treatment

Detoxification

The process of expelling toxins and substances

from the body
and suppressing withdrawal symptoms.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2006). "Detoxification and Substance Abuse Treatment": 4–5.
 Drug Treatment

Rehabilitation
Program
Sets of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for
dependency on psychoactive substances such as
alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as
cocaine, heroin or amphetamines.

Potenza, M. N (12 October 2008). "The neurobiology of pathological gambling and drug addiction: an overview and
new findings".
 Drug Treatment

Out-patient Treatment

Drug dependency treatment where the

patient is not admitted
to the hospital or facility.
 Drug Treatment

Residential Rehabilitation

Treatment programs for substance

dependency provided for
patients in residential settings.

https://www.addiction.com/a-z/residential- rehabilitation/
 Drug Treatment
LEVEL OF USE MANAGEMENT

Abstainer Preventive Education

Follow-up and
Experimenters
Aftercare Occasional Users Counseling
Regular Users
Support services for Drug Dependent Drug Rehabilitation
persons discharged from
hospitals and Psychiatric treatment
Mentally Ill Chemical
(Substance Induced
rehabilitation centers. Abuser
Psychosis)
 How to Help a Friend

Liste
n Encoura
ge
Shar
e
Inform
Reflection/Interactive
Activity
V ideo (“4 - Tom ’s Stor y”)
0:00-2:03
Morality

The principles of right or wrong behavior

generally accepted by society.

Morality determines what is right and

wrong, good and bad personal or
social behavior, based on a certain
https://newlife.bible/article/what-is-morality/
standard of conduct.
Christian Morality

The set of moral standards based on the

Bible and the teachings of Jesus

Following the these moral codes helps mold us into

people of
integrity.

https://newlife.bible/article/what-is-morality/
Christian Morality

“...your bodies are temples of

the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom
you have received from God…”

1 Corinthians
6:19
 Teachings of the Founder

“Don’t be discouraged by “You have received

anxieties and troubles. Life is talents
full of them.” and graces from God.”
(Letter 102 - to an unnamed Brother, date unknown)
(MTR 13.1 [Med 205.1])

“God inspires us to walk “Remembering that God is with you

in the footsteps of his will help and inspire you in all that
Son.” you do.”
(Letter 2 - to a Brother, 15 May 1701)
(Med 3.3)
 Integration
V ideo (“5- Addict ion: You W ill Be
Freed”)
You may access the videos and
presentation
thru this link:
http://tinyurl.com/dru
geduc