ENDOCRIN

E DISEASES
BY GROUP 3
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 TABLE OF CONTENT

⬤ DEFINITION OF ENDOCRINE DISEASES

⬤ PHATOPHYSIOLOGY

⬤ CAUSES

⬤ TYPES

⬤ RISK FACTORS

⬤ DIAGNOSIS
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 CAUSES OF ENDOCRINE
DISEASES
• An endocrine disease is a
medical condition that causes a
hormonal imbalance.
• It affects the hormone-
producing glands in our bodies
that help control basic body
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functions.
 • Endocrine diseases develop because either a
gland is not functioning properly or the control of the
gland is faulty.
• Endocrine disorders occur when an organ or
glands fails to respond to the hormones secreted by
another endocrine gland or when the body does not
react to the hormones in the way it should.
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 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ENDOCRINE
DISEASES
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 In general, the pathophysiology of endocrine diseases
involves either the overproduction or the
underproduction of a hormone. Overproduction of a
given hormone may be caused by hyperplasia of the
organ that produces the hormone, by a neoplastic
process, or by some combination of the two processes.
Underproduction of a given hormone, in contrast, may
be caused by either destruction of the gland that
produces the hormone or by conditions that deprive an
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endocrine organ of its normal trophic influence.

 TYPES OF ENDOCRINE DISEASES
PITUITARY DISORDER ADRENAL GLAND DISORDER

THYROID GLAND DISEASE PARATHYROID DISORDER

PANCREATIC ISLETS OF LANGERHANS DISEASE

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 PITUITARY
DISORDER
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 ADRENAL
GLAND
DISORDER
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GOITER
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 THYROID
GLAND
DISEASE
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 GOITER

Is a swelling in the neck resulting

from an enlarged thyroid gland.
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 Sign & Symptoms of Goiter

Palpitations Hyperactivity Heat hypersensivity

Fatigue Weight loss

Increased appetite Hair loss
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 Risk Factors of
Goiter
♥ A lack of dietary iodine ♥ Pregnancy and
menopause
♥ Being female
♥ Certain medications
♥ Your age
♥ Radiation exposure
♥ Medical history
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 Diagnosis of
Goiter
Antiobody Test Thyroid Scan

Ultrasonography Hormone Test

Biopsy
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 HYPOTHYROIDISM

Also called underactive thyroid

or low thyroid, is a disorder of
the endocrine system in which
the thyroid gland does not
produce enough thyroid
hormone.
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 Sign & Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

♥ Puffy face ♥ Elevated blood ♥ Heavier than normal

cholesterol level or irregular
♥ Hoarseness menstrual periods
♥ Muscle aches
♥ Muscle weakness ♥ Thinning hair
♥ Pain or swelling in
your joints ♥ Slowed heart rate
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 Risk Factors of
Hypothyroidism ♥ Have been treated with
♥ Are a woman
radioactive iodine or anti-
♥ Are older than 60 thyroid medications

♥ Have a family history of ♥ Received radiation to your

thyroid disease neck or upper chest

♥ Have an autoimmune ♥ Have had thyroid surgery

disease, such as type 1
♥ Have been pregnant or
diabetes or celiac disease
delivered a baby within
the past six months
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 Diagnosis of
Goiter

BloodTest
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 PARATHYROID
DISORDER
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 PARATHYROID
CARCINOMA

Parathyroid carcinoma is an
extremely rare but aggressive and
life-threatening form of primary
hyperparathyroidism (pHPT).
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 Sign & Symptoms of Parathyroid
Carcinoma

Most patients experience moderate to severe

hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone levels.

A large mass in the neck is often seen, and renal and

bone abnormalities are common
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 Risk Factors of Parathyroid
Carcinoma

♥Familial isolated ♥Multiple endocrine

hyperparathyroidis neoplasia type 1
m (FIHP) (MEN1)
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 Diagnosis of Parathyroid
Carcinoma

BloodTest
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 a
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they continue to chomp away on bamboo!

There are more kangaroos than humans in Australia.

It is estimated that more than 50 million kangaroos live there. They are Australia’s national symbol and
appear on postage stamps, coins, and airplanes.
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 ISLETS OF
LANGERHANS
DISEASE
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 Metabolic Bone
Disease
Are disorders of bone strength
usually caused by abnormalities
of minerals (such as calcium or
phosphorus), vitamin D, bone
mass or bone structure, with
osteoporosis being the most
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common.
 Types: Metabolic
Bone Disease
The common metabolic bone While the rare MBDs include:
diseases (MBD) include:

● Osteoporosis
● Paget's disease
● Rickets
● Tumor induced osteomalacia
● Osteomalacia
● Fibrous dysplasia
● Flurosis
● osteogenesis imperfecta
● Primary hyperparathyroidism
(PHPT)
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 Sign & Symptoms Metabolic Bone
Disease
Hard lumps along the
Limping Bowed legs
legs, spinal column, or
jaw

Softening and unusual Difficulty raising the

Decreased appetite
flexibility of the lower body off the ground
jaw
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 Risk Factors of Metabolic Bone
Disease
MBD is a serious disease affecting the short-term and
long-term physical development of preterm infants.
Premature birth, lack of TEN, and early VitD deficiency are
the major risk factors for MBD.
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 Diagnosis of polycystic Ovary
Syndrome
The diagnosis of MBD is usually made
based upon a careful history, physical
examination, radiographic (X-rays)
examinations, appropriate lab tests,
and bone biopsy if indicated.
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 REPRODUCTIV
E GLAND
DISEASE
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 Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a
hormonal disorder common among
women of reproductive age. Women with
PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged
menstrual periods or excess male
hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries
may develop numerous small collections
of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly
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release eggs.
 Types of polycystic Ovary
Syndrome

● Insulin resistance PCOS ● Inflammatory PCOS.

● Adrenal PCOS ● Post-pill PCOS.ism
(PHPT)
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 Sign & Symptoms of polycystic
Ovary Syndrome
Irregular periods

Excess androgen

Polycystic ovaries
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 Risk Factors of polycystic Ovary
Syndrome
Risk factors for PCOS including irregular menstruation,
family history of infertility and diabetes, mother's irregular
menstruation, unpleasant mood, and lack of physical
exercise.
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 Diagnosis of polycystic Ovary
Syndrome
Pelvic Exam

Blood Tests

Ultrasound
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 “
CAUSES OF ENDOCRINE DISEASES
Two categories:

Hormone imbalance -Endocrine disease that results when a gland

produces too much or too little of an endocrine hormone

Endocrine disease due to the development of lesions (such as nodules

or tumors) in the endocrine system, which may or may not affect
hormone levels.
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 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
ENDOCRINE DISEASES
Mental abnormalities Unusual change in every
level
Changes in skin, nails or
hair

Muscle atrophy Growth abnormalities Polyuria or Polydipsia

Cold/heat intolerance Unusual weight gain or Nausea and vomiting

loss

Irregular menstruation Erectile dysfunction

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 RISK FACTORS FOR
INCLUDE:

ENDOCRINE DISEASES
○ Elevated cholesterol levels ○ Poor diet

○ Family history of endocrine ○ Pregnancy (in cases such as

disorder hyperthyroidism)

○ Inactivity ○ Recent surgery, trauma,

infection, or serious injury
○ Personal history of autoimmune
disorders, such as diabetes
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