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    Chapter 4 Structure and Properties of Water 2017-2018

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    Stevenzel Eala Estella
    Water is a polar molecule made up of an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Its polar structure gives water unique properties including high surface tension, capillary action, cohesion, adhesion, a high specific heat, and the ability to be a universal solvent. These properties arise because the polarity of the water molecule allows it to strongly interact with other water molecules and other polar substances through hydrogen bonding.

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    Chapter 4 Structure and Properties of Water 2017-2018

    Uploaded by

    Stevenzel Eala Estella
    82 views33 pages
    Water is a polar molecule made up of an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Its polar structure gives water unique properties including high surface tension, capillary action, cohesion, adhesion, a high specific heat, and the ability to be a universal solvent. These properties arise because the polarity of the water molecule allows it to strongly interact with other water molecules and other polar substances through hydrogen bonding.

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    Water is a polar molecule made up of an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Its polar structure gives water unique properties including high surface tension, capillary action, cohesion, adhesion, a high specific heat, and the ability to be a universal solvent. These properties arise because the polarity of the water molecule allows it to strongly interact with other water molecules and other polar substances through hydrogen bonding.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    82 views33 pages

    Chapter 4 Structure and Properties of Water 2017-2018

    Uploaded by

    Stevenzel Eala Estella
    Water is a polar molecule made up of an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Its polar structure gives water unique properties including high surface tension, capillary action, cohesion, adhesion, a high specific heat, and the ability to be a universal solvent. These properties arise because the polarity of the water molecule allows it to strongly interact with other water molecules and other polar substances through hydrogen bonding.

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    of 33

    Structure & Properties of

    Water
    STRUCTURE UNIVERSAL
    DENSITY
    OF WATER SOLVENT

    COHESION
    POLAR SPECIFIC
    MOLECULE HEAT
    ADHESION

    CAPILLARY SURFACE BUOYANCY


    ACTION TENSION
    STRUCTURE OF WATER
    H H

    1 molecule of water is
    made up of 2 hydrogen atoms
    bonded with 1 oxygen atom
    STRUCTURE OF WATER

    H H

    The bond that forms water


    is a covalent bond
    CHEMICAL FORMULA

    H2O = RIGHT
    H2O = WRONG
    H2O = WRONG
    2HO = WRONG
    H H

    1 molecule of water
    H

    H
    H
    H
    H O
    O
    H

    O
    H
    H
    H O
    H
    O
    H

    H
    O
    H
    O
    A LOT OF MOLECULES O

    O
    H H
    H

    H
    H
    OF WATER H H
    O O

    H
    H O H

    O
    H H H
    H
    O

    O H

    H
    H H
    O H O
    H

    H
    H H
    Millions of molecules of water
    make up 1 raindrop
    POLAR MOLECULE
    • A molecule that has electrically charged
    areas.
    • Also called a polar substance or polar
    compound.

    + DURACELL _
    NON-POLAR SUBSTANCES
    • Non-polar substances do not have
    charged ends

    DURACELL
    NON-POLAR SUBSTANCES

    DURACELL

    • Non-polar substances DO NOT dissolve in


    water.
    • Can you think of some examples of non-
    polar substances?
    + +
    H H

    -
    POLAR MOLECULE
    The positive hydrogen ends of 1
    molecule are attracted to the negative
    end of the oxygen of another molecule.

    H
    H

    H
    O

    O
    H
    POLAR MOLECULE
    THE PROPERTIES OF:
    Cohesion, adhesion, specific heat, universal
    solvent, capillary action, surface tension

    ALL HAPPEN BECAUSE WATER IS A


    POLAR SUBSTANCE!
    SURFACE TENSION
    SURFACE TENSION
    SURFACE TENSION
    SURFACE TENSION
    • The tightness across the surface of water
    that is caused by the polar molecules
    pulling on one another.
    • Makes the surface act like a solid
    CAPILLARY ACTION
    • The combined force of attraction
    among water molecules and with the
    molecules of the surrounding
    material.
    • Cohesion + Adhesion
    CAPILLARY ACTION
    COHESION
    • Because water is a polar molecule, it
    is attracted to itself.
    • Cohesion – is the attractive force
    between water molecules.

    H
    H

    H
    O

    O
    H
    COHESION
    Water molecules
    like to stick to
    each other.

    Rubbing alcohol doesn’t


    like to stick to itself as
    much as water.
    ADHESION
    • Because water is a polar molecule, it
    is attracted to other substances.
    • Adhesion – occurs when molecules
    of water are attracted to other
    substances.
    WINDSHIELD Adhesion is going
    on between the
    windshield and the
    water droplet.

    WATER
    DROPLET
    ADHESION
    COHESION
    Water molecules like to stick
    to each other.

    ADHESION
    Water molecules like to stick
    to other things.
    Density of Water

    The density of water:


    1. Prevents water from freezing from the bottom up.
    2. Ice forms on the surface first—the freezing of the
    water releases heat to the water below creating
    insulation.
    3. Makes transition between season less abrupt.
    – When water reaches 0oC, water becomes
    locked into a crystalline lattice with each
    molecule bonded to to the maximum of four
    partners.
    – As ice starts to melt, some of the hydrogen
    bonds break and some water molecules can
    slip closer together than they can while in the
    ice state.
    SPECIFIC HEAT
    • Specific Heat = the amount of energy
    needed to increase the temperature of
    something 1 degree C.
    • Water has a really HIGH specific heat
    • That means it takes a lot of energy for
    water to increase its temperature.
    • This is because of the STRONG
    ATTRACTION between water molecules.
    It’s POLAR!
    SPECIFIC HEAT

    WATER = 75°F

    BEACH = 200°F
    UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
    UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
    • This is a nickname given to water.
    • Water dissolves LOTS of things.
    • Remember:
    SOLVENT = the thing doing the dissolving
    SOLUTE = the thing that dissolves away

    • Other polar molecules can be dissolved by


    water.
    Universal Solvent
    Why is water so good at dissolving things?

    Because water is a polar molecule and is


    shaped like a wedge, it is able to break up
    substances into smaller pieces (dissolve).

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