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Debate: English For Academics Professional Purposes

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Debate

English For Academics Professional Purposes


Debate is a process that involves formal discussion on a
particular topic. In a debate, opposing arguments are put
forward to argue for opposing viewpoints. Debate occurs in
public meetings, academic institutions, and legislative
assemblies. 
Structure for Debate A formal debate usually involves three
groups: one supporting a resolution (affirmative team), one
opposing the resolution (opposing team), and those who are
judging the quality of the evidence and arguments and the
performance in the debate. The affirmative and opposing teams
usually consist of three members each, while the judging may be
done by the teacher, a small group of students, or the class as a
whole. In addition to the three specific groups, there may an
audience made up of class members not involved in the formal
debate.
Debate Preparation:
• Develop the resolution to be debated.
• Organize the teams.
• Establish the rules of the debate, including timelines.
• Research the topic and prepare logical arguments.
• Gather supporting evidence and examples for position
taken.
• Anticipate counter arguments and prepare rebuttals.
• Team members plan order and content of speaking in
debate.
• Prepare room for debate.
• Establish expectations, if any, for assessment of debate
Conducting Debate:
Debate opens with the affirmative team (the team that
supports the resolution) presenting their arguments,
followed by a member of the opposing team. This pattern is
repeated for the second speaker in each team. Finally, each
team gets an opportunity for rebutting the arguments of the
opponent. Speakers should speak slowly and clearly. The
judges and members of the audience should be taking notes
as the debate proceeds. A typical sequence for debate, with
suggested timelines, is as follows:
• The first speaker on the affirmative team presents arguments in
support of the resolution. (5 – 10 minutes) (page 1 of 2) Antiti
Conducting a Debate TN 13
• The first speaker on the opposing team presents arguments opposing
the resolution. (5 – 10 minutes)
• The second speaker on the affirmative team presents further
arguments in support of the resolution, identifies areas of conflict, and
answers questions that may have been raised by the opposition
speaker. (5 – 10 minutes)
• The second speaker on the opposing team presents further arguments
against the resolution, identifies further areas of conflict, and answers
questions that may have been raised by the previous affirmative
speaker. (5 – 10 minutes)
• The rules may include a short recess for teams to prepare their
rebuttals. (5 minutes)
• The opposing team begins with the rebuttal, attempting to defend
the opposing arguments and to defeat the supporting arguments
without adding any new information. (3 – 5 minutes)
• First rebuttal of the affirmative team (3 – 5 minutes)
• Each team gets a second rebuttal for closing statements with the
affirmative team having the last opportunity to speak. (3 – 5 minutes
each)
• There cannot be any interruptions. Speakers must wait their turns.
The teacher may need to enforce the rules.

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