Presentation1 VERBS
Presentation1 VERBS
Presentation1 VERBS
VERBS
MEANING TRANSITIVITY
STATIVE VERBS:
- verbs that denote a stable state of affairs (which may sometimes have
relatively short duration)
- This class of verbs includes verbs describing mental states
(e.g. know, believe) and emotions (e.g. like, love, hate).
CLASSIFICATION OF VERB BASED ON
MEANING
DYNAMIC VERBS:
- are verbs that typically denote an activity which is controlled by
an active 'doer' or agent. Examples include, among many others, verbs
like run, move, work, play, and make.
CLASSIFICATION OF VERB BASED ON
TRANSITIVITY
Intransitive verbs do not act upon anything. They may be followed by an adjective,
adverb, preposition, or another part of speech.
Example:
She smiled. (The verb ‘smile’ cannot have any object since the action of ‘smiling’ does not
fall upon anything/anyone)
I wake up at 6 AM. (No object is needed for this verb)
PROPERTIES OF VERBS
VERBS
The second mood is imperative, which we use for commands, requests and permission. The
subject of the verb is you, but it is generally implied rather than stated. For example:
Get thee behind me!
The third mood is subjunctive, which is the least common. We use the subjunctive mood to
express mental conceptions that are hypothetical, imagined, desired, etc. It is often signaled
by if. Here are some examples:
If I were you, I’d practice using that stake.
If only we lived in a world without zombies.
INFINITIVES
The bare infinitive is also used after the verbs will, would, shall, should,
may, might, can, could and must.
I will wait. (NOT I will to wait.)
You must obey my instructions. (NOT You must to obey my instructions.)
He can speak five languages. (NOT He can to speak five languages.)
You should come to school in time. (NOT You should to come to school in
time.)
INFINITIVES
Verb tense indicates the time that an act, state, or condition happens or
happened. In English, tense is divided into three major sections: present, past and
future. (Each of these also includes a perfect tense, which refers to a
comparatively more remote time, but we won’t look at those today.)
Present tense, unsurprisingly, usually indicates something that happens in the
present. However, it can also indicate habitual actions, general truths and timeless
facts. It is formed by using the verb’s stem
I chop off zombies’ heads with a machete.
Vampires hunt at night.
Tense
Verb person indicates who is acting. There are three options in English:
first person (I or we), second person (you) or third person
(he, she, it or they). Here are examples of each:
I staked the vampire.
You decapitated the zombie
They quaked in fear.
Number
The last property is number. A verb will be either singular or plural and it must agree
with its pronoun. Check out the following example:
I was relieved it was over.
They were relieved it was over.
Okay, you can exhale. We’re finished with verbs for now! Once you’ve all had some
time to recover — perhaps in a couple of months — we’ll look at conjugating verbs.
For now, pat yourself on the back if you read this entire post and remember than
mental gymnastics are really good for your brain, even if it hurts!
GERUNDS
Gerunds are the elusive shapeshifters of the English language. They are created out
of verbs, but function as nouns.
For example: “Do you mind my borrowing these supplies?” At a quick
glance, borrowing could easily be labeled as a verb. However, when working as a
gerund, borrowing is now a noun.
One way to spot a gerund is to notice that they always end in -ing. Just remember
they're not the only players in the game ending in -ing. Present participles (verbs
indicating continuous activity) also end in -ing. For example: “I
was sitting there.” Sitting looks like and acts like a verb in this instance.
Gerunds can function as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
prepositions, and predicate nouns.
Gerunds as subjects:
Reading is relaxing.
Writing is an exchange of ideas.
Gerund phrases as subjects:
Swimming laps is the most relaxing activity in the world.
Filing papers can give you a paper cut.
Gerunds as direct objects:
I love reading. (verb = love; love what? reading)
Patrick likes photographing nature. (verb = likes; likes what? photographing)
CONJUGATION
In order to communicate in more than one tone, verbs must be conjugated. To
conjugate something is to change a verb’s form to express a different meaning.
Basic Form
kick
(An action in the present: I + present tense)
Past Tense
kicked
(An action in the past: I + past tense)
Past Participle
(Often the same as the past tense. Usually kicked
formed by adding -ed to the present tense)
Present Participle
kicking
(Formed by adding -ing to the basic form)
Basic Form Past Tense Past Participle Present Participle
ability
You must not smoke in the hospital.
I can swim.
probability
should/ought to advice You should / ought to revise your lessons
logical conclusion He should / ought to be very tired. He's been working all day
long.