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    Event Reports - SEL 5601

    Uploaded by

    Jed Tedor

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Event Reports - SEL 5601

    Uploaded by

    Jed Tedor
    2K views40 pages

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views40 pages

    Event Reports - SEL 5601

    Uploaded by

    Jed Tedor

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that EVENT Reports contain detailed information recorded by protective relays during faults or other events on the power system. This information includes measured currents, voltages, relay element states, and more. EVENT Reports are important for analyzing protection system performance, identifying any issues, and ensuring correct operation.

    EVENT Reports are records generated by protective relays containing details of what the relay measured during a fault or other event, such as sampled currents and voltages, relay element states, and settings. They indicate how the relay responded and are stored in non-volatile memory. EVENT Reports contain information that can be used to determine if the relay and protection system responded correctly.

    EVENT Reports are important because they allow quick and accurate analysis that can save money by revealing issues with power system models, settings, breakers, instrument transformers, and other components. This prevents problems from causing more serious consequences. It is good practice to examine every EVENT Report to check for normal and exceptional operations.

    EVENT REPORTS/ SEL 5601

    Analytic Assistant

    By: Jed S. Tedor


    Intelligent Electronic Devices

    • RELAYS

    SEL 587: Transformer Differential Relay SEL 351: Overcurrent Relay ++

    • RECLOSERS

    NULECH COOPER
    What are EVENT Reports?

    • Event reporting is a standard feature in most


    microprocessor-based protective relays
    • The data and information saved in these
    reports are valuable for testing, measuring
    performance, analyzing problems, and
    identifying deficiencies before they cause
    future misoperations.
    • Event reports indicate whether the protective
    relay operated as expected.
    What are EVENT Reports?

    • When faults or other system events occur,


    protective relays record sampled analog currents
    and voltages, the status of optoisolated inputs and
    output contacts, the state of all relay elements and
    programmable logic, and the relay settings. The
    result is an event report.
    • It is stored in a non-volatile memory in relays.
    • It is a stored record of what the relay saw and how
    it responded.
    • These reports are formatted ASCII text files that
    are read vertically
    What are EVENT Reports?

    • Commonly, Event reports contains 15 or 30 cycles


    of data with accuracy of ¼ to 1/16 cycle.
    • With readily available information from product
    instruction manuals, the user is provided with all
    the necessary tools to determine if the response of
    the relay and the protection system was correct for
    the given system conditions
    Example of an EVENT Report
    Example of an EVENT Report
    Example of an EVENT Report
    Example of an EVENT Report
    Example of an EVENT Report
    Example of an EVENT Report
    Why is EVENT Report important?

    • The ability to quickly and accurately analyze event


    data can save money.
    • Event report analysis can reveal problems with
    power system models, settings, breakers and
    auxiliary contacts, instrument transformers, and
    more.
    • In the past, these problems would go undetected
    until they were either caught during routine
    maintenance or more serious consequences
    occurred. It is a good practice to examine every
    event report to see if the operation was normal or
    exceptional.
    Why is EVENT Report important?

    Event reports are useful in monitoring the following


    protection system components:
     protective relays  CTs
     substation batteries  ac wiring
     dc wiring  PTs
     auxiliary tripping relays  communications
     circuit breakers equipment
     Trip and close coils  settings and logic
     breaker auxiliary contacts  power system models,
    and more
    Why is EVENT Report important?

    • Event reports can document performance tests.


    • Event reports can meet disturbance monitoring
    equipment requirements of reliability councils.
    • COMTRADE files generated from event reports
    provide a powerful tool in the analysis of actual
    field data, the invention of new technology and
    solutions, and the testing of relays.
    • Event reports provide data to solve problems.
    HOW TO ANALYZE AN EVENT REPORT

    • Before analyzing the details of any event report,


    start with a basic understanding of what happened,
    or what should have happened.
    • This generally involves:
    – reviewing the relay settings and logic
    – obtaining the relay history report
    – and gathering any other information that may be helpful
    (known fault location, targets from other relays, breaker
    operations, SCADA, and personnel records)
    • Use the event report to investigate whether the
    actual operation matches the expected operation
    HOW TO ANALYZE AN EVENT REPORT
    HOW TO ANALYZE AN EVENT REPORT
    What is AcSELerator Analytic Assistant?

    • SEL 5601: AcSELerator Analytic


    Assistant is a software application that plots
    the data contained in the EVENT REPORTS
    generated by the relays.
    – It aides (visually) in analyzing an event report.
    (It does NOT analyze the data for you)
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®

    • Displays oscillograms and vector diagrams


    to analyze event reports from SEL relays
    and COMTRADE files (COMmon format for
    TRAnsient Data Exchange for power
    systems).
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®

    • Features
    – Use with SEL relay compressed ASCII event reports,
    and some EVE ASCII event reports.
    – Accepts COMTRADE 1991, COMTRADE 1999, and
    Binary COMTRADE files.
    – Displays oscillograms with time-coordinated element
    assertion.
    – Display phase and sequence phasors with manual or
    auto advance.
    – Analyze line current differential events with alpha plane
    plots.
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®

    • Features (contd)
    – Simplify event analysis with point-and-click ease.
    – Enhance clarity and versatility of synchronized analog
    and digital traces in standard SEL relay event reports.
    – View all aspects of event reports with the click of a
    button.
    – Settings
    – Oscillographic display
    – Supports multiple events in a single file.
    – Supports multiple time-coordinated events from different
    relays
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®

    • Oscillographic event reports simplify analysis of faults


    and power quality events, and help improve the user’s
    understanding of simple and complex protective
    scheme operations. In response to a user-selected
    trigger, the voltage, current, frequency, and relay
    element status information confirms relay, scheme, and
    system performance for every recorded event.
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®
    acSELerator Analytic Assistant ®
    Event Report Example 1

    TRANSFORMER CONNECTION
    COMPENSATION CAUSES TRIP
    • A transformer differential relay operated for a
    distribution feeder fault. The transformer is a wye-
    delta power bank that uses wye-wye CTs. When
    conventional CT connections are not used (CTs
    not connected delta-wye in this case), the current
    inputs to the differential calculation in the
    microprocessor relay must be modified internally
    by settings to compensate for the 30 degree shift
    of the transformer and to extract zero-sequence
    current.
    Event Report Example 1

    • The Figure shows the phasors from the


    relay event report:
    Event Report Example 1

    • For a YDAB transformer (polarity of A-phase


    connected to the nonpolarity of B-phase), we
    would expect the Winding 2 currents to lag the
    Winding 1 currents by 150 degrees.
    Event Report Example 1
    Event Report Example 1

    • Visually, you can determine from the phasors in


    Figure 41 that these two quantities will not be
    opposite in phase angle. In fact, the transformer
    connection compensation should be set to YDAC.
    In that case, we expect the Winding 2 currents to
    lead the Winding 1 currents by 150 degrees.
    Event Report Example 1
    Event Report Example 1

    • With this setting, the relay compares for


    differential operate Element 1 IAW2 with
    (IAW1 – ICW1)/v3, scaled by the differential
    tap settings. Now the two quantities will be
    equal and out of phase, resulting in proper
    operation.
    Event Report Example 2

    EVENT REPORT IDENTIFIES INCORRECT CT TAP


    A distribution relay tripped by phase instantaneous
    overcurrent. The upstream transformer differential
    relay tripped by restrained differential element (87R).
    The feeder relay operation was correct. The
    transformer relay should not have tripped for the
    feeder fault.
    Event Report Example
    Event Report Example

    • Analysis of the event data, shown in the Figure,


    identifies a CT problem on the high-side C-phase
    input (ICW1). Several clues lead to that
    conclusion. The pre-fault current is noticeably less
    on ICW1 than the other phases. The pre-fault
    mismatch, the ratio of operate to restraint current,
    is 33 percent for differential element three, while
    the other two elements are zero.
    Event Report Example

    • The transformer (DABY) and CT (wye-wye)


    compensation settings isolate the ICW1 as the
    only phase input that could affect the Element 3
    operate quantity and not affect the other elements.
    During the low-side phase A-to-C fault, residual
    current measured on the transformer high side is
    exactly 180 degrees out of phase with ICW1,
    which indicates the CT circuit on ICW1 was not
    supplying enough current and the residual
    compensated for it.
    Event Report Example

    • The relay settings indicated a CT ratio of 600/5 on


    the transformer high side. The C-phase high-side
    CT was found tapped at 1200/5. This example
    also emphasizes the use of triggered event reports
    during commissioning tests for uncovering
    incorrect taps, rolled phases, and opposite polarity
    in CT wiring.

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