Liquid Orals
Liquid Orals
Liquid Orals
ORALS
CONTENTS:
-
Definition of liquid
orals
Types of liquid
orals Suspensions
Emulsion
Solutions
DEFINITION
:-
Liquid orals are the homogeneous
liquid preparations containing one or
more active ingredients with or without
additives dissolved in a suitable
vehicle,meant for oral administration.
TYPES OF LIQUID ORALS:-
1.SUSPENSION
S
2.EMULSIONS
3.SOLUTIONS
SUSPENSION
S
DEFINITION
:-
Suspensions are the biphasic liquid
dosage form of medicament in which the
finely divided solid particles are
suspended or dispersed in a liquid or
semisolid vehicle with the help of
suspending agent.The solid particle is the
‘dispersed phase’ or ‘discontinuous phase’
whereas the liquid vehicle is the
‘continuous phase’.
ADVANTAGES:
-
Can improve chemical stability of certain
drugs.
Higher rate of bioavailability,as order
of bioavailability is:-
Solution>Suspension>Capsules>Compressed
tablets
DISADVANTAGES
:-
Physical stability,sedimentation and compaction.
Bulky,handling require care.
Uniform drug delivery cannot be achieved
sometimes.
IDEAL PROPERTIES OF
SUSPENSIONS:-
1. The dispersed particles should not settle readily and the
settled particles should redisperse immediately on
shaking.
2. The particles shouldn‘t form a cake on settling.
3. The viscosity should be such that the preparation can
be easily poured.
4. It should be chemical y stable.
5. Suspensions for internal use must be palatable and
suspension for external use must be free from gritty
particles.
TYPES OF
SUSPENSIONS:-
Depending upon particle
nature/dispersed particle nature the suspensions
are of two types:-
1. Flocculated suspensions
2. Non-flocculated/deflocculated suspensions.
FLOCCULATED
SUSPENSIONS:-
Suspension in which particles
are weakly bonded,settle
rapidly,donot form a cake and are
easily resuspended with a minimum
of agitation.
DEFLOCCULATED
SUSPENSIONS:-
Suspension in which particles
settle slowly and eventual y form a
sediment in which aggregation
occurs with the resultant formation
of a hard cake which is difficult to
resuspend.
FORMULATION OF
SUSPENSIONS:-
1. Flocculating agents.
2. Suspending agents/thickening
agents.
3. Wetting agents.
4. Dispersing agents.
5. Preservatives.
6. Organoleptic additives.
STABILITY OF
SUSPENSIONS:-
A stable suspension can be redispersed
homogenously throughout its shelf life.The more
stable pharmaceutical suspensions are flocculated
i.e.,the suspended particles are bonded together
physical y to form a loose cake.
EVALUATION OF
SUSPENSION STABILITY:-