Seminar

VISVESVARAYA
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELAGAVI
RURAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

HULKOTI
Department of Mechanical Engineering
“Intelligent Speed Adaptation &

Accident Avoidance System”
Guided by By
Prof. Nilakantha reddy Kartik hallikerimath
(2RH18ME402)
Contents
• Introduction
• Intelligent adaptation system
• Types of technologies in Intelligent speed adaptation system
• Different graphs of Intelligent speed adaptation system
• Overview types of Intelligent speed adaptation system
• Accident avoidance system
• Types of technologies in Accident avoidance system
• Conclusion
• Benefits
INTRODUCTION
A world report on road traffic injury prevention has been published by WHO
estimated that 1.2m people killed in road crashes per year 50m peoples are
injured.
Any system that monitors vehicles speed and local speed limit on road and
implement an action when vehicle is detected to be exceeding speed limit
Between 1999-2002 the Swedish National Road Administration conducted a
large-scale trial involving Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) in urban areas.
Several thousand vehicles were equipped with voluntary, supportive and
informative systems to avoids drivers from exceeding the speed limit.
Speed and location determining/ verification technology.
GPS
 Radio Beacons
 Optical Recognition System
 Dead Reckoning
GPS(Global Positioning System)
 There are currently 24 satellites making up the GPS network, and their orbits are
configured so that a minimum of 5 satellites are available at any one time for terrestrial
users.
 4 satellites is the minimum number of satellites required to determine a precise 3D
position.
Radio Beacons
 If sufficient numbers of beacons were used and were placed at regular intervals,
they could calculate vehicle speed based on how many beacons the vehicle passed
per second.
 Beacons could be placed in/on speed signs, telegraph poles, other roadside
fixtures, or in the road itself.
 Beacons could be linked to a main computer so that quick changes could be
made
Optical recognition systems
 This system requires the vehicle to pass a speed sign or similar indicator and for
data about the sign or indicator to be registered by a scanner or a camera system.
 As the system recognizes a sign, the speed limit data is obtained and compared
to the vehicle’s speed The system would use the speed limit from the last sign
passed until it detects and recognizes a speed sign with a different limit.
 If speed signs are not present, the system does not function. This is a particular
problem when exiting a side road onto a main road, as the vehicle may not pass
a speed sign for some distance
ORIGINAL IMAGE ORS IMAGE

Dead Reckoning
• Dead reckoning (DR) uses a mechanical system linked to the vehicle’s
driving assembly in order to predict the path taken by the vehicle.
• Dead reckoning requires the vehicle to begin at a known, fixed point.
Then, by combining speed and distance data with factors such as the angle
of the steering wheel and feedback from specialized sensors (e.g.,
accelerometers, gyroscope) it can plot the path taken by the vehicle. by
overlaying this path onto digital map,DR knows approx. Where the vehicle
is
Speed distributions without and with 100% ISA control on all 50 kph road
sections for off-peak periods. The x-axis shows the speeds of traffic in 5
km/hr bands and y-axis the total vehicle-hours in each speed band
Speed distributions without and with 100% ISA control on all 50 kph
road sections for peak periods. The x-axis shows the speeds of traffic in
5 km/hr bands and y-axis the total vehicle-hours in each speed band.
Overview of different types of ISA
Level of support Type of feedback Definition
Informing (open) Visual The speed limit is displayed and

the driver is reminded of
Changes in the speed limit
Warning (open) Visual/auditory The system warns the driver

when exceeding the posted
speed limit at given location .the
driver decides whether to use or
ignore the warning
Assisting (half-open) Haptic throttle The driver gets a force feedback

through the gas pedal if he/she
tries to exceed the speed limit.
Overruling of the system is still
possible
Restricting(closed) Dead throttle The speed of the vehicle is

automatically limited and driver
cannot overrule the system
Accident Avoidance Systems
Accident avoidance system that are adopted in motor
vehicles in order to reduce accidents they are :
Emergency brake assist

Traction control system
Antilock braking system
Emergency Brake Assist
 Emergency Brake Assist (EBA) is a safety system in motor vehicles designed to
ensure maximum braking power is used in an emergency stop situation .
 Research shows that drivers can react too slowly in emergency braking situations a
slow reaction and less than maximum braking input could result in insufficient time
or distance to stop before an accident occurs
Traction Control System
 A traction control system (TCS), also known as anti-slip regulation (ASR), is a
secondary function of the anti-lock braking system (ABS) on production motor
vehicles, designed to prevent loss of traction of driven road wheels
 Difference in slip may occur due to turning of a vehicle or differently varying road
conditions for different wheels.
Traction control in cornering
 Traction control is not just used for improving acceleration under slippery
conditions. It can also help a driver to corner more safely.
 If too much throttle is applied during cornering, the drive wheels will lose traction
 This occurs as under steer in front wheel drive vehicles and over steer in rear
wheel drives vehicles. Traction control can prevent this from happening by limiting
power to the wheels.
Anti-lock braking system
 An anti-lock braking system is a safety system that allows the wheels on a motor
vehicle to continue interacting tractively with the road surface. while braking,
preventing the wheels from locking up and therefore avoiding skidding.
 An ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on
dry and slippery surfaces for many drivers; however, on loose surfaces like gravel or
snow-covered pavement, an ABS can significantly increase braking distance,
although still improving vehicle control.
Components of antilock braking system
There are 4 main components to an ABS: speed sensors, valves, pump &
controller
Year Model Note
1988 BMW K100 First motorcycle with ABS
1992 Honda ST100
2005 Harley-Davidson ABS as an option for

police bikes
2007 Suzuki GSF1200SA
2008 Harley-Davidson ABS became factory

installed option on all
Harley-Davidson Touring
motorcycles
2011 TVS apache RTR TVS has launched the first
Indian two wheeler with
ABS
Anti braking system on bikes

CONCLUSION
 ISA technologies do work, are robust and reliable .
 They are technically simple, much simpler than other automatic devices
 More computer simulation studies are recommended to find out relationship
between penetration rate and speed behavior.
 After implementing ISA systems fatal accident reduced by 25 %– 30%
( Netherlands )
Benefits
 Road accident savings
 Fuel consumption savings (8% for urban roads & 3% for rural roads
 Decreases travel time
 Not require human intervention

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VISVESVARAYA

RURAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

“Intelligent Speed Adaptation &

Speed and location determining/ verification technology.

ORIGINAL IMAGE ORS IMAGE

Informing (open) Visual The speed limit is displayed and

Warning (open) Visual/auditory The system warns the driver

Assisting (half-open) Haptic throttle The driver gets a force feedback

Restricting(closed) Dead throttle The speed of the vehicle is

Emergency brake assist

1992 Honda ST100

2005 Harley-Davidson ABS as an option for

2008 Harley-Davidson ABS became factory

Anti braking system on bikes

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