Review of the Past Lesson

FACTS--- these are statements that

imply validity because of the given
evidences.
Example: Philippines is located in the Southeast
Asian Region.
OPINIONS---these are statements that
are determined to be true.
Example: Ferdinand Marcos is a better president
than Ninoy Aquino III.
• If there is one question that you
would like to ask about the world,
about yourself, or maybe about God
or anything around you, what would
it be and why?
• Man is essentially curious.

• Man asks questions about himself, about

everything around him; and sometimes he
asks questions about his creator because
he has a reason that generates to the
things that he/she observes.

• In his aim to seek solutions, he searches

for the meaning of everything.

• He learns the value of research.

The Nature of Inquiry
and Research

Presented by:

Danilo C. Siquig, Jr.

Teacher Applicant
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the
students will be able to;
a.Describe the nature of research; its
importance to man’s daily life.
b.Identify the different research design
including their respective subtypes.
c.Construct a research title with a
rationale and research problems.
 Contents of the Lesson
• The nature of inquiry
• Definitions of Research
• Importance of Research
• Types and subtypes of Research
1.Qualitative
2.Quantitative Research
Research

Suggest an action that

denotes “to look for
something again”
 WHAT IS TO LOOK FOR IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS?

• A series of
EXPLAI
N observations
 Nature & Importance
Research is a systematic process of
solving a problem or finding answers to
an inquiry. It is an organized method of
finding or relatively new ideas from the
existing body of knowledge with the
help of useful tool for the purpose of
improving the quality of life.

“Most of the society’s major

problems are resolved, needs are
satisfied, and demands are met.”
 Aims of Research
Verification of Existing Knowledge
Proving/verifying the veracity of existing theories or
knowledge
Acquisition of New Knowledge
Brings forth new ideas regarding a theory or even create a
totally new theory

Application of New Knowledge

Utilizes and translates to something useful to humankind.

Advancement of the Research Expertise

Gain relevant experiences that enhance and deepen their
knowledge and skills in the area of their investigations
 Man Governm
Sample Answer:
ent
Research helps man to identify his rights and
freedom as citizen of the government. Research
will also help him to know his duties and
obligations to his country.
MAJOR TYPES OF
RESEARCH
 Qualitative Research
Definition

This research refers to the meanings,

concepts, definitions, characteristics,
metaphors, symbols and description of things
(Berg, 2007)

The research questions often stress how

social experience is created and given
meaning
 Qualitative Research is all about…

•Words not numbers

•Focus on the interpretation of the researcher

•Systematically arranging and presenting

information to search for meaning in data
collected

•Makes less use of mathematical techniques.

 Strengths of a Qualitative Research
• Research done in natural settings
• Emphasis on informant
interpretations and meanings
• Seek deep understanding of
informant’s world
• Humanizing research process by
raising the role of the researched
• High levels of flexibility in research
process
 Weakness of a Qualitative Research
• Problems of reliability
• “Subjectivity” of nature of data collection and analysis
• Observations may be selectively reported making it
impossible to gauge the extent to which they are typical
• Risk of collecting meaningless and useless information
from participants.
• Problems of objectivity vs detachment (particularly in
participant
• observation but also applies to other methods)
• Problems of ethics: Entering the personal world of the
participant
• Very time consuming
Five Common Designs of
a Qualitative Research
 Narrative Research
• Narrative research begins with the
experiences as expressed in lived and
told stories of individuals
• Can take the form of biographical
studies, life histories or oral histories.
• Collecting stories and “re-storying”
them
Sample Title
The Lived Experiences of Teenage Mothers in
Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija

Sample Abstract (Overview)

The research involves collecting women’s accounts
of becoming teenage mothers. The researcher
seeks to understand how teenage women make
sense of events throughout the process of child
bearing, constructing these events into episodes,
and thereby (apparently) maintaining unity within
their lives
 Phenomenological Research
• This research describes the meaning for
several individuals of their lived experience
of a certain phenomena.
• “to determine what an experience means for
the persons who have had the experience
and are able to provide a comprehensive
description of it. From the individual
descriptions, general or universal meanings
are derived, in other words, the essences of
structures of the experience.”
Sample Title
Students with Many Siblings: A
Phenomenological Study

Sample Abstract (Overview)

The research involves collecting life
experiences of students who have many
siblings; its effects to the lives of the
students and the individual experiential
differences with one another.
 Grounded Theory
• This research is employed in situations
where it is perceived as necessary to go
beyond description and generate theory.
• The intent of grounded theory is to
generate or discover a theory that relates
to a particular situation. If little is known
about a topic, grounded theories
especially useful.
• Don’t do a literature review in the
beginning
Sample Title
Teenage Smoking: A Grounded
Theory

Sample Abstract (Overview)

The research focuses on the reasons and
outcomes of teenage smoking. As such,
the findings will also show distinct theory
on the existence of teenage smoking.
 Ethnographic Research

• This kind of research focuses on an

entire cultural group: describes their
shared patterns of values, behavior,
language and culture.
Sample Title
New People’s Army; Their Lives, Culture,
Practices and Principles

Sample Abstract (Overview)

The research will find out the way of life,
behavior, culture and tradition, practices and
standing principles of the New People’s Army
and how these facts relates or differs to the
other exiting cultural lives of the people.
 Case Study
• This kind of research involves the
study of an issue explored through one
or two cases within a setting or
context.
• A case study is an exploration of a
“bounded system” or a case (or
multiple cases) over time through
detailed, in-depth data collection
involving multiple sources of
information rich in context.
Sample Title
The Effectivity of the Implementation
of the Heterogeneous Sectioning
System in Saint Pius X Institute, Inc.

Sample Abstract (Overview)

The study aims to know the adjustments
and changes that the students and
teachers had undergone as the system
was implemented.
 Data Collection Types per Designs
Grounded
Ethnography Phenomenology Narrative Case Study
Theory

--Observations --interview --in-depth --interview --in-depth

and interviews --open-ended individual --open- individual
questions interviews ended interviews
questions

-20 or more 20 or more 5-10 participants 5-10 participants 5 participants

people in the people in the
group group
 Quantitative Research
• This research uses quantities and numbers
(scores, ratings, frequencies, percentages,
prices) to denote particular thing.
• Numerical – pertaining to or denoting a
number or symbol to express
characteristics of the thing being studied
• Emphasizes objective measurements and
statistical, mathematical, or numerical
analysis of data collected through polls,
questionnaires, and survey, or by
manipulating pre-existing statistical data
using computational techniques.
 Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
• Objective research, only the real or factual,
not the emotional or cognitive existence of
the object matters greatly to the artist

• analogous to scientific or experimental

thinking
Strengths of Quantitative Research
•Precision of numbers
•Level of significance (statistical) can be determines –
that results are not due to chance alone
•Sample is less prone to sampling bias
•Error can be computed, e.g., sampling error
Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
•Inadequacy of numbers for total picture and depth of
analysis
•Less than 100% accuracy in sampling, instrument
construction and administration
•Assumptions in statistical methods
TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE
APPROACH
 SURVEY RESEARCH
• It is often designed to describe
current conditions.
• One common type of survey research
involves assessing the preferences,
attitudes, practices, concerns, or
interests of a group of people.
• It is mainly carried out through
questionnaires, interviews &
observations.
Sample Title
Voters’ Preferences among the Political
Candidates on May 2019

Sample Abstract (Overview)

The research aims to find out the voters’
preferences among the political candidates
on May 2019. It shows the qualities,
characters and ideals of the election
candidates as preferred by the voting
public.
 CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH

• It studies that investigate the relations

between two or more variables.
• The purpose of correlational study
may be to establish relations or use
existing relations to make predictions.
Sample Title
Factors Affecting the College Course
Preference of the Grade 12 Students of
St. Pius X Institute, Inc.

Sample Abstract (Overview)

The research identifies the factors affecting
the College Course Preferences of the
Grade 12 students of St. Pius X institute,
Inc. This research wanted to show the
relationships among the given factors to
the choice of course that they wanted to
take up on college.
 EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
• It provides information about cause-effect
outcomes.
• True experimental research provides the
strongest results of any of the quantitative
research approaches because it provides clear
evidence for
linking variables.
Sample Title
The Effect of Positive Reinforcement on
One’s Attitude to Excel in School
Sample Abstract (Overview)
The research cites the effects of positive
reinforcement on one’s attitude to excel in
school as being verified by experimental
procedures among the respondents. The
research will later on proves if there is a
positive or negative effects on putting on
positive reinforcement on the attitude of a
student to excel in school.
 CAUSALCOMPARATIVE
RESEARCH
• It provides information about cause-effect
outcomes.
• The researcher lacks control over the
independent variable.
• It is chosen precisely because the
grouping variable either cannot be
manipulated or should not be manipulated.
• It does not produce true experimental
research outcomes.
Sample Title
Students Nurtured by Parents vs. Relatives and
their Academic Performance: A Comparative
Study among Grade 7 Students
Sample Abstract (Overview)
The research shows the results and comparison of
Grade 7 students who are nurtured by parents
and are nurtured by relatives. The study will
conduct experiments from the two group of
subjects and later on will be compared.
 Descriptive Research
• This design is concerned with describing
the nature, characteristics and components
of the population or a phenomenon. There
is no manipulation of variables or search for
cause and effect related to the
phenomenon. This design attempts to find
general attributes of the presently existing
situation and determine the frequency with
which it occurs.
Sample Title
A Study about the Knowledge of Selected
Cuyapeńos Towards Hypertension

Sample Abstract (Overview)

The research simply describes the knowledge of
selected Cuyapeńos towards hypertension. It
presents the data on the major facts about how
Cuyapenos are familiar with hypertension.
 Mixed Method Research
(MMR)
• Research design consisting of one complete method
with additional supplementary strategies drawn from
a second different method
(Munhall, 2012)
• Use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches
in a single study (Holloway & Galvin, 2017)

• As a method, involves collecting, analyzing, and

integrating quantitative and qualitative research in a
single study or a longitudinal program of inquiry
(Creswell,2011)
Purposes of Using MMR (Munhall,2012)
1. To illustrate different aspects of a
phenomenon; illustrate the complexity of
the social world
2. To illuminate a problem from different
angles, gaining different types of
information
3. To obtain input from both quantitative and
qualitative perspectives for enriching
knowledge-base of a particular field
4. To translate research to clinical or practice
settings
 TERMS TO BE REMEMBERED IN A
MMR DESIGN
Point of interface: a point where the
two strands are mixed
Data collection: quan or qual results build
to the subsequent collection of qual or quan
data.
Data analysis: transform one type of data
into other type of data and analyze combined
data.
Interpretation: comparing or combining
results from both methods.
Types of Mixed Method
Research Design
 1.Convergent Parallel Design

Quantitative
data collection
and analysis
Compare
Interpretation
or relate
Qualitative data
collection and
analysis
Point of
interface
 2. Explanatory Sequential
Design

Quantitative Qualitative
data data
collection Follow collection
Interpretation
and up with and
analysis analysis

Point of
interface
 3. Exploratory Sequential Design
Diagram

Qualitative Quantitative
data data
collection Builds collection Interpretation
and to and
analysis analysis

Point of
interface
4. EMBEDDED DESIGN
5. TRANSFORMATIVE
DESIGN
6. MULTIPHASE DESIGN
 Parts of a Research
Chapter 1--- The Problem
and its Settings

a.Introduction
b.Statement of the Problem
c.Significance of the Study
d.Scope
Advancementand Delimitation
of the Researcher’s
Expertise
•
e.Definition of Terms
 Parts of a Research
Chapter 2: Review of Related
Literature

a.Local Studies
b.Foreign Studies
c.Paradigm of the Study
Advancement of the Researcher’s
Expertise
•
 Parts of a Research
Chapter 3: Methodology

a.Research Methodology
b.Research Designs
c.Population and Locale of the
Study
d.Research Instrument
Advancement of the Researcher’s
e.Data
Expertise
•
Gathering Procedure
 Parts of a Research

Chapter 4: Presentation,
Analysis of Data and
Interpretation of Findings

Advancement of the Researcher’s

Expertise
•
 Parts of a Research
Chapter 5: Summary,
Conclusion and
Recommendation

a.Summary of Findings
b.Conclusion
Advancement of the Researcher’s
c.Recommendation
Expertise
•
 Parts of a Research
Preliminaries
Title Page
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgement
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Appendices
a.Letter
b.Questionnaire
Advancement of the Researcher’s
c.Profile
Expertise
•
 Parts of a Research
Abstract
Bibliography
Curriculum Vitae

Advancement of the Researcher’s

Expertise
•
 Oral Defenses
1. Title Defense
--- an activity in which research
titles will be proposed to the
Board of Panels for scrutiny and
approval.
Parts:
a. Title
b. Rationale
Advancement of the Researcher’s
Expertise
c. Research
• Problems
2. Proposal Defense
an activity in which the topic will be
reiterated and be approved for the
continuous writing of the other parts.
Parts:
a.Title
b.Rationale
c.Statement of the Problem
d.Research Designs
e.Data Gathering Procedure
f.Locale of the Study
Advancement of the Researcher’s
g.Instrument/Questionnairres
Expertise
•
h.Chapters 1-3
3. Final Defense--- the whole
research output will be presented
to the Board of Panels for scrutiny,
edition and final queries.

Parts:
1. Chapters 1-5

Advancement of the Researcher’s

Expertise
•
 Research Topic/Problem--- is an
intellectual stimulus calling for an
answer in the form of scientific inquiry.

Sources of topics
1.Observations
2.Different subjects taken and from
them identify a problem.
3.Existing problems/needs in the
classroom/school/community
Advancement of the Researcher’s
Expertise
•
 Selecting the Research Topic
1.It should be something new or
different.
2.It must be original
3.It should be significant
4.It must necessarily arouse
intellectual curiosity.
5.It should be clear and specific
6.It should consider the availability of
data, financial
Advancementcapacity and time of the
of the Researcher’s
Expertise
researcher.
•
 Guidelines in the Formulation of
Research Title
1.The title must contain the following
elements:
a.The subject matter or research
problem
b.The setting or locale of the study
c.The respondents or participants
involved in the study
Advancement of the Researcher’s
Expertise
•
2. If the title contains more than one
line, it should be written in inverted
pyramid.

3. The title should not longer than 15

substantive words, all in capital letters
and no underline and no punctuation
marks.

Advancement of the Researcher’s

Expertise
•
ABSTRACT--- it tells the main reason
and the overview of the research on
why the research will be conducted by
the researchers.

Advancement of the Researcher’s

Expertise
•
 Sample Work
Sample Title:
OBESITY AMONG THE PEOPLE OF CUYAPO,
NUEVA ECIJA: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL
STUDY
Sample Abstract:
The researchers wanted to study the obese persons in Cuyapo,
Nueva Ecija. The aim of this study is to have knowledge about
the factors, causes, effects, physical and psychological
consequences of obesity. The researchers wanted to know the
hardships, challenges, best and worst experiences of obese
people; on what do they feel about being obese and how does
obesity affects negatively to their physical appearance and
health.
 Values Integration
• -We must be responsible citizens of the
world who care not only for ourselves
but most especially for others. research
helps us to be critical thinkers on the
things that are happening around us.
(Stewardship)
• -We must be able to put ourselves into
the shoes of others. Research helps us
to understand others; their situations and
life experiences. (Empathy)
 Life Learning Contextualization

• We must learn to take a closer look

and to be concern not only with our
interest but most especially with the
interest of our fellowmen who are less
fortunate.
Thank you and God Bless