National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna: Professional Ethics and Values

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, PATNA
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND VALUES
Submitted by: Amisha

Anshu
Submitted to: Mr. Ashok kumar Archana
Sapna kumari
2
1.
ETHICAL
Transition headline
DECISION
MAKING
Professional Ethics
▸ Professional ethics encompass the personal, organizational and

corporate standards of behavior expected by professionals.
▸ Professional ethics are principles that govern the behavior of a
person or group in a business environment. Like
values, professional ethics provide rules on how a person should
act towards other people and institutions in such an environment.
Purpose of Study
 Ethics serve as a guide to moral daily living and helps us judge whether our behavior can be
justified. Ethics refers to society's sense of the right way of living our daily lives. It does this by
establishing rules, principles, and values on which we can base our conduct.
 The study of ethics helps a person to look at his own life critically and to evaluate his
actions/choices/decisions.
 It assists a person in knowing what they really are and what is best for them and what they have to
do in order to attain it. study of moral philosophy can help us to think better about morality.
“ ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
 Ethical decision-making refers to the process of
evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a
manner consistent with ethical principles.
 In making ethical decisions, it is necessary to
perceive and eliminate unethical options and
select the best ethical alternative.
Examples
• Consider a situation in which a group of people are enjoying an outdoor adventure

together. One person gets stuck in the only way in or out of an enclosed space, such as
a cave. Water starts rising in the cave due to high tide or heavy rainfall. Everyone will
perish if the person isn’t removed from the entrance. There is no way of removing the
person who is stuck so that the individual will survive.
• The group has to make an extremely difficult decision. Do they take an extreme action
that will cost one member of the group her life? Or, do they do nothing, knowing that
chances are good that none of them will survive if that choice of action is taken.
Framework
for
Understanding
Ethical
Decision
making.
There are five parts of the framework for ethical decision making in business.
These five parts of the framework are the ethical issue intensity, individual
factors, organizational factors, opportunity, and business ethics evaluations and
intentions.
• Ethical issue intensity refers to the importance of an ethical issue in the eyes of the individual, work
group, and/or organization.
• Individual factors also play a major role in ethical decision making. Your values and principles learned
through socializing with people in your life will help effect your decision making process.
• Organizational factors include corporate culture and significant others. A corporate culture is a set of
values, beliefs, goals, norms, and ways of solving problems that members of an organization share.
• The ethical climate of a corporation’s culture is the character or decision process employees use to
determine whether their responses to ethical issues are right or wrong.
• Opportunity in an organization is another factor. Conditions in an organization that limit
or permit ethical or unethical behavior is opportunity.
• Organizations that provide rewards or fail to draw barriers against unethical behavior
will result in opportunity. Superiors may use motivational carrots and sticks to influence
employee behavior.
• Superiors may use motivational carrots and sticks to influence employee behavior.
• Business ethics evaluations and intentions are the last step in the process of ethical
decision-making.
• If the intentions and behavior of an ethical decision are inconsistent with the individual
making the decision, the person may feel guilty.
Ethical
Decision-
Making
Process
1 Identify the Ethical Problem The decision maker must be able to
determine:

• if there is a possible violation of an important ethical principle,
societal law, or organizational standard or policy.
• if there are potential consequences that should be sought or
avoided that emanate from an action being considered to resolve the
problem.
2 Collect Relevant Information.

• The decision maker should seek to gather as much information as
possible about which rights are being forsaken and to what degree.
• A consequential focus would prompt the decision maker to attempt
to measure the type, degree, and amount of harm being inflicted or
that will be inflicted on others.
3 Evaluate the Information.

• Once the information has been collected, the decision maker must
apply some type of standard or assessment criterion to evaluate the
situation.
• The decision maker might use one of the predominant ethics
theories—utilitarianism, rights, or justice.
4 Consider Alternatives The decision maker needs to generate a set

of possible action alternatives, such as:

• confronting another person’s actions,
• seeking a higher authority, or
• stepping in and changing the direction of what is happening.
5 Make a Decision

• The decision maker should seek the action alternative that
is supported by the evaluation criteria used in Step 3.
• A decision maker selects a course of action that is supported by all
the ethics theories or other evaluation criteria used in the decision-
making process.
6 Act or Implement

• The decision maker, if truly seeking to resolve the problem being
considered, must take action.
• Once the action alternatives have been identified in Step 4 and the
optimal response is selected in Step 5, the action is taken in Step 6.
7 Review the Action

• Once the action has been taken and the results are known, the decision maker
should review the consequences of the action.
• If the optimal resolution to the problem is not achieved, the decision maker may
need to modify the actions being taken or return to the beginning of the decision-
making process.
The ethical decision-making process that applies four
predominant ethics theories:
Utilitarian Justice
Rights Theory Virtue Theory
Theory Theory
Utilitarian Theory
• Where the decision maker considers the consequences or out-comes of an

action and seeks to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number of those
affected by the decision.
• Utilitarian ethical theories are based on one’s ability to predict the

consequences of an action. To a utilitarian, the choice that yields the greatest
benefit to the most people is the one that is ethically correct
• Do that which is moral only if the act produces the greatest amount of good for
the greatest number of people.
Rights Theory
• With Rights theory, an action or decision would be considered ethically

correct if it respects the rights of other people.
• Purpose: let a person freely pursue certain actions without interference from
others.
• For example, a person may say that her friend may borrow her laptop for
the afternoon. The friend who was given the ability to borrow the laptop
now has a right to the laptop in the afternoon.
Justice Theory
▸ Justice usually has been used with reference to a standard of rightness, fairness often has
been used with regard to an ability to judge without reference to one's feelings or interests;
fairness has also been used to refer to the ability to make judgments that are not overly
general but that are concrete and specific to a particular case. In any case, a notion of being
treated as one deserves is crucial to both justice and fairness.
▸ It states that decision makers should focus on actions that are fair to those involved. This
means that ethical decisions should be consistent with the ethical theory unless extenuating
circumstances that can be justified
19
Virtue Theory
• This theory says that the ethical actions ought to be consistent with certain ideal virtues
that provide for the full development of our humanity. Some of the virtues include
honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, tolerance, love, fidelity, integrity, fairness,
self-control, prudence etc.
• The virtue ethical theory judges a person by his/her character rather than by an action
that may deviate from his/her normal behavior. It takes the person’s morals, reputation,
and motivation into account when rating an unusual and irregular behavior that is
considered unethical.
Conclusion
Ethical decision making is very important to an organization, professionals, and individuals. It needs to address
the issue, but at the same time, it needs to follow some ethical guidelines or an ethical model/process. For
example, the utilitarian approach, moral rights approach, etc. With that said, an ethical decision-making process
will motivate the right action and it will eliminate the wrong context of such case to reach a better outcome.
“However, those that seek to make moral decisions have the will or desire to seek what’s right over the long term,
and this will reflect on their ethics in decision making”.
Finally, the ethical decision-making approaches evaluate and provide guidelines on how to better understand this
concept and how to effectively make an ethical decision that will ensure a greater impact in the positive side and
it will reduce as much as possible the negative impact or harm, at the same time by protecting everyone rights.
THANK YOU!

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna: Professional Ethics and Values

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna: Professional Ethics and Values

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna: Professional Ethics and Values

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, PATNA

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND VALUES

Submitted by: Amisha

▸ Professional ethics encompass the personal, organizational and

• Consider a situation in which a group of people are enjoying an outdoor adventure

2 Collect Relevant Information.

4 Consider Alternatives The decision maker needs to generate a set

• Where the decision maker considers the consequences or out-comes of an

• Utilitarian ethical theories are based on one’s ability to predict the

• With Rights theory, an action or decision would be considered ethically

You might also like

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna: Professional Ethics and Values

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna: Professional Ethics and Values

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna: Professional Ethics and Values

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, PATNA

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND VALUES

Submitted by: Amisha

▸ Professional ethics encompass the personal, organizational and

• Consider a situation in which a group of people are enjoying an outdoor adventure

2 Collect Relevant Information.​

4 Consider Alternatives The decision maker needs to generate a set

• Where the decision maker considers the consequences or out-comes of an

• Utilitarian ethical theories are based on one’s ability to predict the

• With Rights theory, an action or decision would be considered ethically

You might also like

2 Collect Relevant Information.