Strangles is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi. It mainly affects horses through nasal discharge of infected animals. Clinical signs include fever, nasal discharge, coughing and lymph node swelling. Diagnosis involves identifying bacteria in nasal swabs or abscess drainage. Treatment consists of penicillin and anti-inflammatories. Infected animals should be isolated and facilities disinfected to control spread.
Strangles is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi. It mainly affects horses through nasal discharge of infected animals. Clinical signs include fever, nasal discharge, coughing and lymph node swelling. Diagnosis involves identifying bacteria in nasal swabs or abscess drainage. Treatment consists of penicillin and anti-inflammatories. Infected animals should be isolated and facilities disinfected to control spread.
Strangles is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi. It mainly affects horses through nasal discharge of infected animals. Clinical signs include fever, nasal discharge, coughing and lymph node swelling. Diagnosis involves identifying bacteria in nasal swabs or abscess drainage. Treatment consists of penicillin and anti-inflammatories. Infected animals should be isolated and facilities disinfected to control spread.
Strangles is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi. It mainly affects horses through nasal discharge of infected animals. Clinical signs include fever, nasal discharge, coughing and lymph node swelling. Diagnosis involves identifying bacteria in nasal swabs or abscess drainage. Treatment consists of penicillin and anti-inflammatories. Infected animals should be isolated and facilities disinfected to control spread.
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Strangles
• It is also called as Equine distemper.
Etiology
• It is caused by bacteria Streptococcus equi
• It is a a gram positive coccus Susceptibility
Horses, donkeys and mules are the species
affected. Horses are more susceptible than donkeys and mules. Transmission • Nasal discharge of the infected animals are the most important source of disease transmission. • Organism usually get entry through ingestion of contaminated materials. • Disease may be transmitted through copulation or to foal through milk. Clinical signs • High rise of temperature • Depression • Reluctance to move, eat or drink • Purulent nasal discharge • Coughing and difficulty in swallowing • Swelling and abscess formation in lymph nodes. • Later on abscess rupture releasing a pus • Infection of gutural pouch Diagnosis • Symptoms of upper tract infection with purulent nasal discharge and enlargement of the lymph nodes of the throat regions are diagnostic of strangles. • Detection of bacteria in culture of nasal swabs and discharges from abscess can be done to demonstrate bacteria. • There is increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood. Treatment • Since the organism is gram positive , penicillin @ 22,000 IU/kg b. wt. IM every 12 hours is the drug of choice. • Drug like tetracycline @10mg per kg b.wt may also be tried. • Anti-inflammatory drug for pain/fever • Drain the abscess and wash with antiseptic solution. Prevention/ control • The infected animal should be kept in isolation. • Contaminated premises should be disinfected. Bedding should be burnt. • Quarantine of the animal before adding into healthy stock. • Vaccinating the horse against strangles is the best way to prevent the disease. Glanders
Synonyms ; Farcy
It is a highly contagious usually chronic in nature
characterized by formation of nodules or ulcer in upper air ways, lungs and cutaneous tissue. It is a zoonotic disease. Etiology • It is caused by Pseudomonas mallei / Burkholderia mallei. • It is a gram negative bacillus.
Susceptibility: Horses, mules and donkeys are the
species usually affected. Man is susceptible and the infection is usually fatal. Transmission • Transmitted directly or indirectly secretion or excretion of infected animals. • Transmission mostly occurs by the ingestion of food and water contaminated by nasal discharge or sputum.
• Transmission by inhalation and from skin
lesions is possible but rare. Clinical signs • High fever, reduced appetite and laboured breathing with a cough. • Occular and nasal discharges • There is formation of nodules in the mucosa of upper respiratory tract. • There is formation of nodules in lungs. • There is formation of nodules and ulcers in the skin and On healing, the ulcers are replaced by star shaped scar. • Enlargement of lymph nodes. Diagnosis • Clinical signs are diagnostic of the disease. • Isolation and identification of organism from the pus. • Mallein test: 0.1 ml mallein is injected intra- dermally into lower eyelid with tuberculin syringe. The test is read at about 48 hours. A positive case shows marked edema of the eyelid causing severe purulent conjunctivitis. Treatment • Treatment cannot remove the disease completely, animals remains carrier throughout the life. • Affected animals should be destroyed and disposed off safely • However treatment with sulphadiazine, gentamycin , ceftazidine can be tried. Control / prevention • To control and eradication of glanders, every animals with clinical signs should be destroyed. • In dead bodies should be burnt • Mannure, bedding and feed residue should be burnt or buried. • The premises should be disinfected. • Feeding utensils and water trough should be properly disinfected. • All the incontacted, suspected,and imported animals must be isolated , properly tested and all positive reactors must be slaughtered.