The document discusses various causes of crime from subjective and objective approaches. The subjective approach sees biological, psychological and anthropological factors as causes, viewing some criminals as inherently prone to crime. The objective approach sees socio-economic factors like poverty, inequality, education and cultural environment as causes that may influence an individual's likelihood of committing crimes. Criminologists have differing views on crime causation, but most see it as complex with multiple potential factors.
The document discusses various causes of crime from subjective and objective approaches. The subjective approach sees biological, psychological and anthropological factors as causes, viewing some criminals as inherently prone to crime. The objective approach sees socio-economic factors like poverty, inequality, education and cultural environment as causes that may influence an individual's likelihood of committing crimes. Criminologists have differing views on crime causation, but most see it as complex with multiple potential factors.
The document discusses various causes of crime from subjective and objective approaches. The subjective approach sees biological, psychological and anthropological factors as causes, viewing some criminals as inherently prone to crime. The objective approach sees socio-economic factors like poverty, inequality, education and cultural environment as causes that may influence an individual's likelihood of committing crimes. Criminologists have differing views on crime causation, but most see it as complex with multiple potential factors.
The document discusses various causes of crime from subjective and objective approaches. The subjective approach sees biological, psychological and anthropological factors as causes, viewing some criminals as inherently prone to crime. The objective approach sees socio-economic factors like poverty, inequality, education and cultural environment as causes that may influence an individual's likelihood of committing crimes. Criminologists have differing views on crime causation, but most see it as complex with multiple potential factors.
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 10
VARIOUS CAUSES OF CRIME
CAUSATION
Guided by- Submitted by-
Dr. Pallavi Singh Ankit Kumar ASSISTANT PROFESSOR B.A.LL.B.(Hons.), 7th sem. (School of Law and Governance) Enrol. No. CUSB1713125007 What is Crime?
• The term crime is derived from the Latin word
“crimen” meaning offence and also a wrong-doer. • Crime is considered as an anti-social behaviour • A public wrong. • An act of offense which violates the law of the state and is strongly disapproved by the society. • Crime is defined as acts or omissions forbidden by law that can be punished by imprisonment or fine. Crime Causation • Crime Causation is an complex field. It deals with action of the offender from which specific injury or effect arose. • There are several causes which make an individual turn into a criminal. Criminologists have always differed in their views regarding crime causation. Biological, Psychological, anthropological, socio- economic, cultural environment and such other causes are the causes of crime causation. Approaches of Causes of Crime Causation • There are mainly two approaches to explain the causes of crime causation- • subjective approach, and
• objective approach.
• Subjective approach of the causes of crime causation supports the
theory of criminality which is founded on bio- physical consideration of criminals. • Objective approach of the causes of crime causation is more inclined to explain criminality in terms of social factors. Subjective Approach • This approach has eventually lead to the evolution of typological school of criminology which suggests that there are certain personality type of criminals who take to criminality because of their heredity, psychopathic and bio- physical traits. • It is thus clear that subjective aspect of crime causation includes- • Anthropological causes • Biological causes • Psychological causes. • Psychiatric causes. • Anthropological Causes- It suggests the criminals are less evolved than others and can't control their urge to commit crimes. This idea says criminals come from a group of humans who regressed in evolutionary advancement. it was suggested by Italian criminologist and psychiatrist Cesare Lombroso. • Biological Causes(Heredity and Crime) : • Explanations of human behaviour in terms of heredity go far back in antiquity and are based on the common-sense observation that children tend to resemble their parents in appearance, mannerisms and dispositions. • Lombroso views that heredity was the sole cause of criminal behaviour of the offender. Lombroso asserted that there are certain criminals who imbibe criminality by birth. • Psychological Causes- Various studies establish a nexus between mental deficiency and criminal behaviour. It introduces the concepts like "mental age" and "Intelligence Quotient" (IQ) and its influence on criminal behaviour. • Henry H. Goddard found mental deficiency in almost half of all criminals while Goring was convinced that mental deficiency was a major cause in all criminal behaviour except the ones requiring some cleverness as in the case of fraud. • Psychopathy and Crime- • Certain types of criminals are labelled as psychopaths. They are aggressive criminals who act impulsively with no apparent reason for indulging in criminal activities. They are generally person who have no definite plan and therefore, indulge in uncalled for behaviour. Objective Causes •American criminologists explain the criminality in terms of social factors. It is objective in their approach. It insists on analysis of socio- economic, ecological, topographical and cultural environment under which crime usually generates.
• Socio- Economic Causes- It is closely related to poverty, social
exclusion, wage and income inequality, cultural and family background, level of education and other economic and social factors that may affect individual’s propensity to commit crimes such as cultural characteristics, age and sex. •Geographical Causes of Crime: High residential mobility is associated with a higher crime rate. More taverns and alcohol stores, as well as more gambling and tourist establishments, in an area are positively related to criminality. • Cultural environment causes- During 1940s to the beginning of 1960 lower-class criminality received considerable sociological interest and a number of theories were advanced purporting to explain high deviant behaviour particularly by the lower-class people. • Richard A. Cloward and Loyd F. Ohlin define delinquent subculture as "one in which certain forms of delinquent activity are essential for the performances of the dominant roles supported by the sub-culture. A lower class youth realises that their socialisation experiences have not prepared them for the challenge. It is that disparity between what lower class youth are led to want and what is actually available to them is the source of a major problem of adjustment. Hence, they choose to react against the mainstream culture of the society.