Indigenous Science and Technology in The Philippines

INDIGENOUS
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•

This lesson focuses on the indigenous science and
technology in the Philippines. Filipinos, especially during the
early times, tried to invent tools that will help them in
everyday life.
• They also developed alternatives ideas in explaining various

phenomena and in explaining the world around the them.
• This system of knowledge is called indigenous knowledge,

which is the foundation of indigenous science.
3
Indigenous Knowledge
- it refers to the understanding , skills, and philosophies developed by
societies with the long histories of interaction with their natural
surroundings . For rural and indigenous people.
Indigenous Knowledge System

-Embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local
communities.,
-Orally passed.
-Evident in stories, poems, and songs.
4
Examples of Indigenous Knowledge that are taught and

practices by Indigenous people:
- predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in
observing animal’s behaviour and celestial bodies.
- using herbal medicine.
- preserving foods.
- classifying plants and animals into families and groups based on
cultural properties.
- preserving and selecting good seeds for planting.
- using indigenous technology in daily lives.
- building local irrigation systems.
- classifying different types of soil for planting based on cultural
properties.
- producing wines and juices from tropical fruits.
- keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables in the yard.
5
predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in

observing animal’s behaviour and celestial bodies.
People in rural communities in Provinces in the Philippines rely heavily on

traditional knowledge, particularly for predicting weather to plan and prepare their
agro forestry activities as well as disaster prevention. Farmers use this knowledge,
derived from observations of atmospheric and astronomic conditions, indicator
plants and behaviour of animals which signal the onset of the rainy season.
-Frogs croaking might seem an obvious sign of impending rain.

-Flying termites ( Gamo Gamo ) are visible when their colony SWARMS. Swarms
are provoked by heavy rainfall and warm, temperatures among other triggers.
- Shining moon with a rainbow encircling or a bloody red sunset
- Large halo appeared to encircle the sun or moon
using herbal medicine
traditional medical practitioners ( manghihilot, faith healers,
albularyo ) covers a wide spectrum of practices and differs from one
another. Even in this modern times where information and advanced
science has greatly progressed, traditional medicine still enjoys a
large following most especially in rural areas.
They use different herbal medicines for their patients such: as
- Lagundi a herbal medicine to treat cough, colds and fever.

- Sambong a herbal medicine used to treat kidney stones, wounds
and cuts, rheumatism, anti-diarrhea, anti spasms, colds and coughs
and hypertension
- Tuba-tuba also known locally as tubang bakod, sambo, tawa-tawa,

tagumbao, kalunay, kasla and tangan-tangan, has been used by old
folks to treat muscle pain, sprains, rheumatism and arthritis.
7
preserving foods
As an archipelago, our early ancestors flocked towards the water. We began our
entryway into preserving food through fermentation to let our food survive for
months, perhaps at sea.
-Buro is typically made out of rice porridge and a chosen seafood whose flavor is
imparted into the paste.
-Air-drying or smoking meat like tapa
- salting fish into our pungent bagoong
- Salted, smoked and/or dried fish ( tinapa)
8
classifying plants and animals into

families and groups based on cultural
properties
classify the animals, as they do the plants, on the basis of shared
physical characteristics. They place them in a hierarchy of
groupings, beginning with the kingdom animalia and proceeding
through phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species.
plant classification, one way is to group them into vascular and

non-vascular plants, seed bearing and spore bearing, and
angiosperms and gymnosperms. Plants can also be classified as
grasses, herbaceous plants, woody shrubs, and trees.
9
preserving and selecting good seeds

for planting
These seeds are specially cared for by indigenous
peoples primarily based on their needs, culture, and their
intimate knowledge of the local environment. The seeds
are stored under a variety of conditions using a wide
range of indigenous techniques
-Tabungos, rice seed container made of bamboo.

-Lukong/liwit, seed container made oflauan bark
sewn with rattan.
Using indigenous Technology in Daily
Lives
Indigenous forestry knowledge systems largely encompass
local technologies, innovations, know-how, skills, practices
and beliefs uniting local people to conserve forest resources
and their cultural values. These have developed over
thousands of years of direct human contact with the
environment.
- Muyongs were generally described by the key informants as

a traditional land-use zoning system that is usually placed
along mountain peaks down to mid-slopes.
- Banaue rice terraces, system of irrigated rice terraces in
the mountains of north-central Luzon, Philippines, that were
created more than 2,000 years ago by the Ifugao people.
- pottery and weaving
11
building local irrigation systems

Indigenous irrigation systems have been a central feature of Asian
agriculture since prehistoric times, and reflect technical knowledge
with a proven record of sustainability.
- irrigated rice fields (payew)

- permanent swidden (katualle)
- shifting cultivation (uma) plots
classifying different types of soil for
planting based on cultural properties
The development of soil is largely influenced by the parent
material, climate, living organisms, topography, land
utilization and time.
- Sandy soil It’s dry and gritty to the touch, and because the particles
have huge spaces between them, it can’t hold on to water
-Clay soil has the smallest particles among the three so it has good
water storage qualities. It’s sticky to the touch when wet, but smooth
when dry.
- Loam is dark in color and is mealy—soft, dry and crumbly—in your

hands. It has a tight hold on water and plant food but it drains well,
and air moves freely between soil particles down to the roots.
13
producing wines and juices from

tropical fruits
Indigenous wine-making traditions in the Philippines
dates back to before the
colonization of the islands by the Spanish in the 16th
century. They were usually part of the traditional tapay
fermentation process and were fermented inside earthen
jars known as tapayan.
-Palm wines (tuba)
-Rice wines
-Sugarcane wines
\
keeping the custom of growing plants
and vegetables in the yard
Protected vegetable cultivation involves growing of
vegetables by providing covering material that will
protect the crop from either too much heat and rain or
pest attack.
-specific management practices such as cultivars,

planting, irrigation, fertilizer management using
fenigation system or manual watering and fertilizer
application
15
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INDIGENOUS

• They also developed alternatives ideas in explaining various

• This system of knowledge is called indigenous knowledge,

Indigenous Knowledge System

Examples of Indigenous Knowledge that are taught and

predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in

People in rural communities in Provinces in the Philippines rely heavily on

-Frogs croaking might seem an obvious sign of impending rain.

- Lagundi a herbal medicine to treat cough, colds and fever.

- Tuba-tuba also known locally as tubang bakod, sambo, tawa-tawa,

classifying plants and animals into

plant classification, one way is to group them into vascular and

preserving and selecting good seeds

-Tabungos, rice seed container made of bamboo.

- Muyongs were generally described by the key informants as

building local irrigation systems

- irrigated rice fields (payew)

- Loam is dark in color and is mealy—soft, dry and crumbly—in your

producing wines and juices from

-specific management practices such as cultivars,

This means that you can:

Find more icons at

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