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    Sociology Assignment

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    Harbhajan Singh
    1. Learning is defined as a relatively lasting change in potential behavior or knowledge due to experience or practice. It involves modifying existing knowledge, skills, habits, or tendencies through experience over one's lifetime. 2. Key characteristics of learning include that it is continuous, pervasive in all aspects of life, involves the whole person socially, emotionally, and intellectually, and responds to incentives like rewards. 3. The learning process involves a motive or drive, an attractive goal, and an obstacle that creates a block to achieving the goal which necessitates changing behavior. Factors like maturation, attention, perception, and motivation affect an individual's ability to learn. Fatigue can also impact learning if not addressed.

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    Sociology Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Harbhajan Singh
    30 views19 pages
    1. Learning is defined as a relatively lasting change in potential behavior or knowledge due to experience or practice. It involves modifying existing knowledge, skills, habits, or tendencies through experience over one's lifetime. 2. Key characteristics of learning include that it is continuous, pervasive in all aspects of life, involves the whole person socially, emotionally, and intellectually, and responds to incentives like rewards. 3. The learning process involves a motive or drive, an attractive goal, and an obstacle that creates a block to achieving the goal which necessitates changing behavior. Factors like maturation, attention, perception, and motivation affect an individual's ability to learn. Fatigue can also impact learning if not addressed.

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    1. Learning is defined as a relatively lasting change in potential behavior or knowledge due to experience or practice. It involves modifying existing knowledge, skills, habits, or tendencies through experience over one's lifetime. 2. Key characteristics of learning include that it is continuous, pervasive in all aspects of life, involves the whole person socially, emotionally, and intellectually, and responds to incentives like rewards. 3. The learning process involves a motive or drive, an attractive goal, and an obstacle that creates a block to achieving the goal which necessitates changing behavior. Factors like maturation, attention, perception, and motivation affect an individual's ability to learn. Fatigue can also impact learning if not addressed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views19 pages

    Sociology Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Harbhajan Singh
    1. Learning is defined as a relatively lasting change in potential behavior or knowledge due to experience or practice. It involves modifying existing knowledge, skills, habits, or tendencies through experience over one's lifetime. 2. Key characteristics of learning include that it is continuous, pervasive in all aspects of life, involves the whole person socially, emotionally, and intellectually, and responds to incentives like rewards. 3. The learning process involves a motive or drive, an attractive goal, and an obstacle that creates a block to achieving the goal which necessitates changing behavior. Factors like maturation, attention, perception, and motivation affect an individual's ability to learn. Fatigue can also impact learning if not addressed.

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    of 19

    Concept of learning

    • Learning, in psychology, the process by


    which a relatively lasting change in potential
    behaviour occurs because of practice or
    experience.
    • Learning is also a process of acquiring
    modifications in existing knowledge, skills,
    habits, or tendencies through experience,
    practice, or exercise.
    Characteristics of Learning
    1. Learning is a continuous modification of
    behaviour continues throughout life
    2. Learning is pervasive. It reaches into all
    aspects of human life.
    3. Learning involves the whole person, socially,
    emotionally & intellectually.
    4. Learning is responsive to incentives. In most
    cases positive incentives such as rewards are
    most effective than negative incentives such as
    punishments.
    PROCESS OF LEARNING
    Learning is a process. It is carried out through
    steps. Learning process involves –

    (a) A motive or a drive.

    (b) An attractive goal.

    (c) A block to the attainment of the goal.


    (a) A motive or a drive: Motive is the dynamic
    force that energizes behaviour and compels an
    individual to act. We do any activity because of
    our motives or our needs. When our need is
    strong enough, we are compelled to strive for its
    satisfaction.
    (b) Goal: Every individual has to set a definite
    goal for achievement. We should always have a
    definite goal for achieving anything. If a definite
    goal is set then learning becomes purposeful and
    interesting.
    (c) Obstacle / block / barrier: The obstacle or
    block or the barrier is equally important in the
    process of learning. The obstacle or the barriers
    keep us away from attaining the goal.Now, you
    will think how the obstacle can be important in
    the process of learning. If you face no difficulty
    of any kind in attaining the goal, you will not
    bring any change in your present behaviour or
    stock of knowledge or skills. Thus, the block or
    the barrier is an essential step in the learning
    process
    Factors affecting learning
    • MATURATION AS FACTOR IN LEARNING

    Maturation is defined as “growth that


    proceeds regularly within a wide range of
    environmental conditions.” Learning is
    possible only when a certain stage of
    maturation is also reached.
    For example, However much we practice a
    six month old child with walking exercises,
    the infant cannot walk. The muscles have
    not matured enough for the infant to learn
    ATTENTION AND PERCEPTION AS
    FACTOR IN LEARNING
    • Attention is always present in conscious
    life and is common to all types of mental
    activity. It is the characteristics of all
    conscious life.

    • Dumville defined Attention as the


    concentration of consciousness upon
    one subject rather than another.
    Significance of Attention
    It is basic need for all types of learning. Every
    moment of yours is attracted by many stimuli of the
    environment. Your mind is not able to concentrate on
    all the stimuli at the same time. It is because of
    attention that you are able to concentrate on
    important
    Consider aaspect of a single
    classroom, whereobject.
    there are lot of
    things like, desk, bench, chalk, black board,
    duster, fan and charts. When a teacher shows you
    a particular chart, you pay attention to that. It
    shifts the focus of learner to the chart this helps
    them to learn more about it.
    Therefore, it can be said that attention helps you to clear the vivid
    objects.

    • It arouses interest in learners to learn a particular thing.


    • It increases efficiency of the learner
    • It motivates learners to learn more
    • It make the learners ready to learn
    • It brings a state of alternates in learners for doing task
    • It helps the learner to perceive events or ideas.

    Thus, attention is a necessary condition for any task


    in the classroom. It is the hub of entire learning
    process. It is essential for learning as well as
    understanding well.
    PERCEPTION
    Perception is the process through which a person is exposed to
    information, attends to the information, and comprehends
    the information.
    Meaning: Perception is the mental process by which
    you get knowledge of external world. You receive
    innumerable impression through the sense organs.
    You select some of these and organise them into unit,
    which convey some meaning. The transformation of
    sensation into organised pattern is called as
    perception.
    Importance of Perception in Learning
    • Learning depends on an individual’s precepts. If you
    are able to perceive a thing correctly then right
    learning will take place.
    • Learning will proceed in a proper direction due to
    correct precepts.Learning depends upon accurate and
    efficient perception.
    • Perception is an active state of mind in which it reacts
    on sensation and interprets it. The basis of perception
    is sensation.
    MOTIVATION AS FACTOR IN LEARNING
    Motivation is defined as an inspiration that propels
    someone into an action.
    According to Lahey, It is an internal state or
    condition that activates and gives direction to our
    thoughts, feelings, and actions
    Motivation is a process by which the learner’s
    internal energies are directed toward various goal
    objects in his/her environment. These energies
    push an individual in achieving his goals. If he is
    motivated,he will work tirelessly to achieve his
    Classroom Implications of Motivation
    • In the classroom, students like being recognized or
    respected.When their views are recognized or respected, they
    will have their confidence boosted and developed.
    • When the teacher praises his/her students for doing well in their
    study or assignment, they will be spurred to sustain that effort.
    • The teacher should also provide/plan for extra-curricular activities for
    his/her students. When the teacher does this, the
    students will have opportunity of establishing a genuine interaction
    among them. Besides, they will be able to display their hidden talents.
    FATIGUE AS FACTOR OF LEARNING
    Fatigue is the state of reduced interest and
    desire. It is a psychological state of exhaustion.
    Reduce efficiency or capacity of body as well as
    mind is implicit in this phenomenon.
    It is quite essential to do away with fatigue in the
    process of learning as fatigue becomes an obstacle
    in the task to be performed or at least reduces its
    rate of progress.
    Ways of Removing Fatigue
    1. Sleep: Getting proper 8 hrs of sleep is necessary.
    2. Relaxation: sitting or lying in a relaxed position,
    doing activities which are favourites also eliminate
    fatigue.
    3. Balance of work and rest
    4. Change in the nature of work
    5. Recreation
    6. Change in Emotions

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