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COM101 Session 5-1

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Writing Academic Papers

Session Objectives
• Define academic integrity and plagiarism, and understand the
plagiarism policy.
• Undertake relevant steps to prevent plagiarism- Cite sources and
reference list.
• Identify key components of an APA assignment, plan and prepare
assignments using appropriate connecting words and phrases, and
reporting verbs.
• Use the assignment cover sheet and format the assignment in
APA.
• Adhere to the late submission policy.
Academic Integrity
• Academic Integrity: the premise that students and teachers will
both agree to use honest methods of teaching, learning, and
assessment.
• Honesty
• Trust
• Fairness
• Respect
• Responsibility
References
• Importance of Referencing:
 Shows the depth and width of your research
 Strengthens your academic arguments
 Shows the sources used
 Allows any readers to consult and check your sources
• When references must be provided:
 Quotes (Exact words)
 Copy (Graphs, Figures, or Tables)
 Paraphrase (Using their ideas in your own words)
 Summarizing (Brief account of their ideas)
In-Text Reference
• In-text Reference:
 “Jesus wept.” (Apostle John, 70 A.D., Chapter 11, verse 35)
 “Veni Vidi Vici” Suetonius. The Lives of the Twelve Caesars. Printed for
Theodore Sanders ..., 1726

• Author-prominent: Give preference to the author


 Caesar (60 B.C.) said, “Veni, Vidi, Vici……..” (p. 72)

• Information-prominent:
 “I saw some things, and heard some things.” (Batey 2002, p. 87).
Avoiding Plagiarism
• Avoiding Plagiarism:
 All writing has an owner (Intellectual Property) it can be owned
by a:
 Person, University, Publisher, Corporation, or Internet Site
What is plagiarism?
• What is plagiarism?
 Using someone’s words without referencing
 Using a direct quote without references
 Copying another students work
 Submitting the work of another person
 Using lecture notes without referencing
 Paraphrase work, and not changing enough words
What are penalties for plagiarism?
• What are penalties for plagiarism?
 Academic note put on file describing misconduct
 Formal reprimand by senior academic
 Reduced or zero marks on an assignment
 Failure in subject or course
 Expulsion from course
 Suspension or expulsion from university
APA Key Components
• The key components of an APA assignment are:
 Use Times New Roman or a similar font, 10-12 point size.
 Double space with standard size (8.5” x 11”).
 All margins should be set to 1 inch.
 Every page should have a header included at the top left side,
along with page numbers inserted at the top right side.
 You will have four major sections to the paper: a title, abstract,
main body, and references page
Referencing & Direct Quote
• Referencing
 Must be used when you: Quote, Copy, Paraphrase, or
Summarize)
• Direct Quotes
 Make sure that the correct format is used (MLA, APA, and
Chicago)
Should I use a quote?

• Should I use a quote?


 Does the quote support my argument?
 Is it memorable?
 Does it add a weight of authority?
 Is the quote necessary?
Develop your own voice

• Develop your own voice


 Voice refers to the argument and the purpose of the writer. (Must
be asking “Who is saying this?”
 A student’s voice helps the reader through an essay by:
 Explaining the ideas of other writers
 Identify a key idea, and then present facts to support
 Compare & Contrast ideas
 Summarize the ideas of one or more publish writers, and show
how their words relate to the topic
 Use others’ work to indicate why a student thinks a certain way
Summarizing & Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
 Gives the main points or ideas of an article clearly and concisely in your own
words
• Paraphrasing
• Reading, and understanding a piece of information and then rewriting it in your
own words, in your own way
 Change the grammatical structure
 Rearrange the sequence of information
 Use different words
 Use your own style
 Provide a reference to the original source
Academic Style

• Writing in Academic Style:


 Most papers are written in the third person
Expressing Opinion
Whose opinion is expressed in the following extract (yours or Smith’s)? How is the
connector ‘therefore’ confusing?
Your Opinion
• How could you rewrite this to indicate that the opinion is yours?
Author’s Opinion
• How could you rewrite it to indicate that the opinion is Smith’s?

Smith’s opinion:
Smith (1997, p. 2) argues that marketing consultants as a professional group lack an
ethical framework. The author further suggests that all marketing courses should
include an introduction to basic ethics (Smith, 1997, p. 7).
Reporting Verbs
• Neutral verbs are reporting verbs that just pass on what the cited
author has written and will not indicate your opinion or
interpretation.

 Example: Kalulu (2018) states that a rabbit is much faster than a


tortoise.

• Interpretative verbs can be used to indicate your opinion or


interpretation.

 Example: Kalulu (2018) claims that a rabbit is ‘much’ faster than a


tortoise.
Late Submission Policy

The first 24 hours (day 1) 5% shall be deducted


The next 24 hours (day 2) Additional 5% shall be deducted
The third 24 hours (day 3) A further 5% shall be deducted
0% shall be awarded where assignments are
late for more than 3 days

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