Academic Writing: A Good Day

Academic Writing
Chapter Four
A Good Day
Prepared by Ali Ramazani

Four Types of Sentences
1. Simple sentences
2. Compound sentences
3. Complex sentences
4. Compound-complex sentences
What is a clause?
A clause is a group of words which has at least one subject-
verb pair.
There are two types of clauses:

1) Independent
2) Dependent
You will study the clause types in future semesters.

What is a simple sentence?
A simple sentence consists of only one clause.
Two types:
1. Compound subjects: two or more subjects.
Hakim and Hakima are doctors.
Hakim, Hakima, and Halima are doctors.
2. Compound verbs: two or more verbs.
Hakim walks and listens to music in the park.
Hakim sings, dances, and reads poems.
Write the following sentences in your notebook, identify the
clause elements, and determine the type of simple
sentences!
1) Ahmad works in a factory.
2) Ahmad and Mahmood are teachers.
3) The teacher and the student are in the office.
4) Hakim walks and looks at trees every morning.
5) The new student entered the class and asked a question.
6) The cat meowed and drank the milk.
7) Halim and Halima talked to each other and got each other’s
notes.
What are adverbs of frequency?
Frequency adverbs are used to show how often an action
happens.
a) Ahmad always goes to the library before work.
b) The teacher usually brings extra materials for us.
c) The students often forget their books.
d) We sometimes play video games when we are tired.
e) They rarely eat out.
f) I never lie to my parents.
Position of Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency are used in the middle of a sentence:
between the subject and the verb.
a) She rarely speaks French even though she is fluent in it.
b) We always do our homework.
Sometimes, usually, often can be used at the beginning or

end of a sentence.
c) Sometimes she stays up late.
d) She stays up late, sometimes.
Write about each other!
In this chapter, you will write about someone in your class, and
someone will write about you.
You can interview each other to acquire the information you
need.
Sample Model
Karl’s Fridays
Karl’s Fridays are always busy days. He gets up early. Then
he works from 6:00 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. After work, he gets his
little boy from day-care. Sometimes they go shopping or play in
the park. Then they go home. Karl’s wife gets back from work at
5:30 p.m. They usually have dinner at home. In the evening,
Karl puts his son to bed. Then he finally has time to relax. He
and his watch sometimes watch a movie, but they do not stay
up late. Karl is tired after his long day.
Now answer the questions!
1) What is the topic sentence of the paragraph?
2) What is the topic and what is the controlling idea?
3) What information does the writer have about Karl’s Fridays?
4) What simple present verbs did the writer use?
a) Then he _______ from 6:00 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.
b) Karl’s wife _______ back from work at 5:30 p.m.
c) In the evening, Karl _______ his son to bed.
d) Then he finally ________ to relax.
Time Order Signal Words…
When you write a paragraph, you must think about
organization. You must plan how to present information in a
clear order.
One way to organize information is to time order signals.
First, Later,
Then After that,
Next, Finally,
Let’s practice this!
Now go to page 178 and complete PRACTICE 2.
Capitalization Rules
1. Capitalize the subject pronoun (I).
2. Capitalize the first letter of a sentence.
3. Capitalize people’s names and titles.
4. Capitalize words for nationalities and languages.
5. Capitalize names of months.
6. Capitalize names of days.
7. Capitalize names of people.
8. Capitalize names of places.
Do PRACTICE 10 on page 180 in your book.
Capitalization Rules for Titles
1. Capitalize the first letter of the first word of your title
2. Capitalize every noun, verb, pronoun, adjective, and adverb
in your title
3. Do not capitalize articles or prepositions.
Note: Do not put a period (.) after the title of your paragraph or
quotation marks (“”) around the title of your paragraph.
On pages 181 and 182, there’s a title that has mistakes. Fix
them!
Peer Work!
Read the model about Tomiko’s favorite day with a partner on

page 176. Answer the questions.
Now interview a classmate about his or her favorite day!
A. Which is your favorite day of the week?
B. How do you feel about your favorite day?
C. What time do you get up in the morning?
D. What do you do in the morning?
E. What do you do in the afternoon?
F. What do you do in the evening?
G. What time do you go to bed?
Make sure to include frequency adverbs in your paragraph,
consider capitalization rules, and write in simple sentences.

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Academic Writing

Prepared by Ali Ramazani

There are two types of clauses:

You will study the clause types in future semesters.

Sometimes, usually, often can be used at the beginning or

Read the model about Tomiko’s favorite day with a partner on

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