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    Ischemic Cardiac Conditions Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction: Dr. Afaq Ahmad PT Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

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    HUSNAIN TECH AND FUN
    This document discusses various ischemic cardiac conditions including coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia, angina types, congenital heart disease, myocardial diseases, and congestive heart failure. Coronary heart disease is caused by narrowing of the blood vessels to the heart reducing blood flow. Myocardial ischemia occurs when oxygen supply to the heart is imbalanced with demand leading to chest pain called angina. There are four types of angina that can occur under different conditions. Congenital heart disease are defects present at birth during heart development. Myocardial diseases include myocarditis and cardiomyopathies affecting the heart muscle.

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    Ischemic Cardiac Conditions Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction: Dr. Afaq Ahmad PT Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

    Uploaded by

    HUSNAIN TECH AND FUN
    18 views19 pages
    This document discusses various ischemic cardiac conditions including coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia, angina types, congenital heart disease, myocardial diseases, and congestive heart failure. Coronary heart disease is caused by narrowing of the blood vessels to the heart reducing blood flow. Myocardial ischemia occurs when oxygen supply to the heart is imbalanced with demand leading to chest pain called angina. There are four types of angina that can occur under different conditions. Congenital heart disease are defects present at birth during heart development. Myocardial diseases include myocarditis and cardiomyopathies affecting the heart muscle.

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    Lecture 3

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    This document discusses various ischemic cardiac conditions including coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia, angina types, congenital heart disease, myocardial diseases, and congestive heart failure. Coronary heart disease is caused by narrowing of the blood vessels to the heart reducing blood flow. Myocardial ischemia occurs when oxygen supply to the heart is imbalanced with demand leading to chest pain called angina. There are four types of angina that can occur under different conditions. Congenital heart disease are defects present at birth during heart development. Myocardial diseases include myocarditis and cardiomyopathies affecting the heart muscle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views19 pages

    Ischemic Cardiac Conditions Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction: Dr. Afaq Ahmad PT Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

    Uploaded by

    HUSNAIN TECH AND FUN
    This document discusses various ischemic cardiac conditions including coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia, angina types, congenital heart disease, myocardial diseases, and congestive heart failure. Coronary heart disease is caused by narrowing of the blood vessels to the heart reducing blood flow. Myocardial ischemia occurs when oxygen supply to the heart is imbalanced with demand leading to chest pain called angina. There are four types of angina that can occur under different conditions. Congenital heart disease are defects present at birth during heart development. Myocardial diseases include myocarditis and cardiomyopathies affecting the heart muscle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Ischemic Cardiac Conditions

    Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction


    Dr. Afaq Ahmad; PT
    Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
    Coronary Arteries
    Heart Valves
    Conducting System
    Myocardium
    Coronary Heart Disease
    Coronary heart disease is caused by narrowing of
    the blood vessels to the heart. This reduces the
    flow of blood to the heart.

    If one of the blood vessels becomes completely


    blocked, the blood supply to part of the heart
    stops and is damaged. This is called a heart
    attack.

    If the blood supply to a large part of the heart is


    stopped it may cause death.
    Etiology
    • Coronary heart disease is usually caused by a
    condition called Atherosclerosis , which occurs
    when fatty material and a substance called
    plaque build up on the walls of your arteries.
    This causes them to get narrow. As the coronary
    arteries narrow, blood flow to the heart can slow
    down or stop. This can cause chest pain,
    shortness of breath, heart attack, and other
    symptoms.
    • Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading
    cause of death
    Risk factors for CHD
    Other risk factors for CHD include having:
    • A family history of CHD
    • High blood cholesterol level
    • High blood pressure
    • High intake of saturated fats
    • Diabetes
    Myocardial Ischemia
    • Results when there is an imbalance
    between myocardial oxygen supply and
    demand
    = Leads to
    • Myocardial hypoxia + accumulation of
    waste metabolites due to atherosclerotic
    disease of coronary arteries
    Manifestation of Myocardial Ischemia:

     It is the major symptom of myocardial


    ischemia.
     Angina pectoris most commonly
    presents as pain, pressure or a burning
    sensation in the area of the sternum
    There are four types of Angina

    1) Stable
    2) Unstable
    3) Prinzmetal’s
    4) Myocardial Infarction 
    1. Stable angina:
     Pain is precipitated by increased workload on the heart. May be caused by exercise, emotions, stress
    and cold exposure.
     Symptoms may remain “stable” for a number of years or progress in severity.

    2. Unstable angina
     Angina that occurs at rest.
     Also referred to as “pre-infarct” angina since it is usually associated with extensive blockage of coronary
    arteries. Coronary blood flow does not meet the needs of the heart even at rest.
     Requires intensive treatment and evaluation.

    3. Variant angina (vasospastic angina, Prinzmetal’s angina)


     Caused by vasospasm of the coronary arteries.
     Usually associated with coronary artery disease but may result from excess sympathetic activity.
     Frequently occurs at night, at rest or during minimal exercise.
     May be precipitated by stress, cold exposure or smoking.

    4. Myocardial Infarction
     Region of myocardial necrosis due to prolonged cessation of blood supply
     Results from acute thrombus at side of coronary atherosclerotic stenosis
     May be first clinical manifestation of ischemic heart disease or history of Angina Pectoris
    Congenital Heart Disease
    An anatomic defect in the heart that develop in utero
    during the first trimester and in present at birth
    There are two types:
    1- Cyanotic heart defect:
    Obstruction of blood flow to the lung or mixing of
    desaturated blue venous blood to saturated red
    arterial blood within the chambers of the heart.
    2- Acyanotic heart defect:
    Blood is shunted from the left side of the heart to the
    right side of the heart due to a structural defect (hole)
    in the Interventricular septum
    Myocardial Diseases
    • Myocarditis
    Acute or chronic inflammatory conditions of the
    muscular walls of the heart resulting from
    bacterial or viral infection more often.
    • Cardiomyopathies:
    • Group of disease of myocardium associated with
    mechanical or electrical dysfunction that usually
    exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or
    dilation.
    Congestive Heart Failure

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