Radial Settlement Pattern

RADIAL SETTLEMENT
PATTERN
Settlements of houses are constructed along the streets which spread
out from a central point in all directions.
RADIAL SETTLEMENT
PATTERN
 Geographical possibilities of spreading in all directions.
 Radio centric – radiate outwards from a common centre.
 Inner – outer ring roads linked by radiating roads.
 Core has business areas.
 Industrial area interspersed within the residential.
 Periphery has green belts.
 Examples – Moscow , Washington, D.C.
Pro’s
 A direct line of travel for centrally directed flows.
 Economics of a single –centralised terminal or origin point.
Con’s
 Central congestion
 Local flow problems.
 Difficult building sites.
MOSCOW
MOSCOW
 Moscow, Russian Moskva city, capital of Russia, located in the far
western part of the country. Since it was first mentioned in the
chronicles of 1147, Moscow has played a vital role in Russian
history.
 Moscow was reconstructed after it was occupied by the French
under Napoleon I in 1812 and almost entirely destroyed by fire.
Moscow has not stopped being refurbished and modernized and
continues to experience rapid social change.
 Moscow are its physical layout in radial spokes and rings that have
been extended over time, its hodgepodge of architectural styles, and
its historical buildings that were mainly built by Russian architects.
Moscow’s buildings were predominantly wooden until the 1920s
LOCATION
Moscow, on the Moskva River in western
Russia, is the nation’s cosmopolitan capital. In
its historic core is the Kremlin, a complex
that’s home to the president and tsarist
treasures in the Armoury. Outside its walls is
Red Square, Russia's symbolic center. It's
home to Lenin’s Mausoleum, the State
Historical Museum's comprehensive collection
and St. Basil’s Cathedral, known for its
colorful, onion-shaped domes.
Area: 2,511 km²
Weather: 23 °C, Wind SW at 11 km/h, 66%
Humidity
Population: 1.19 crores
Established: 1147
SETTLEMENT
FORMATION
Radial settlements develop on the sites and
places where several metalled or un-metalled
roads converge. In a radial settlement, houses
spread out along the sides of roads in all
directions. This pattern is common to both
rural and urban areas especially newly
developed areas which are spreading out
along the major roads.
CITY LAYOUT
A map of Moscow presents a pattern of concentric

rings that circle the rough triangle of the Kremlin and
its rectangular extension, the Kitay-gorod, with
outwardly radiating spokes connecting the rings; the
whole pattern is modified by the twisting, northwest–
southeast-trending Moscow River. These rings and
radials mark the historical stages of the city’s growth:
successive epochs of development are traced by the
Boulevard Ring and the Garden Ring (both following
the line of former fortifications), the Moscow Little
Ring Railway (built in part along the line of the former
Kamer-Kollezhsky customs barrier), and the Moscow
Ring Road.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
CITYSCAPE - HISTORY
 Washington, D.C. is a planned city. In 1791, President Washington
commissioned Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant, a French-born architect
and city planner, to design the new capital. He enlisted Scottish
surveyor Alexander Ralston to help lay out the city plan. The L'Enfant
Plan featured broad streets and avenues radiating out from rectangles,
providing room for open space and landscaping.He based his design
on plans of cities such as Paris, Amsterdam, Karlsruhe,
and Milan that Thomas Jefferson had sent to him. L'Enfant's design
also envisioned a garden-lined "grand avenue" approximately 1 mile
(1.6 km) in length and 400 feet (120 m) wide in the area that is now
the National Mall.
 By the early 1900s, L'Enfant's vision of a grand national capital had
become marred by slums and randomly placed buildings, including a
railroad station on the National Mall. Congress formed a special
committee charged with beautifying Washington's ceremonial
core. What became known as the McMillan Plan was finalized in 1901
and included re-landscaping the Capitol grounds and the National
Mall, clearing slums, and establishing a new citywide park system.
The plan is thought to have largely preserved L'Enfant's intended
design.
Location
Washington, D.C. is located in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. East Coast. Due to the District of
Columbia retrocession, the city has a total area of 68.34 square miles (177.0 km2), of which 61.05 square
miles (158.1 km2) is land and 7.29 square miles (18.9 km2) (10.67%) is water.The district is bordered
by Montgomery County, Maryland to the northwest; Prince George's County, Maryland to the
east; Arlington County, Virginia to the south; and Alexandria, Virginia to the west.
CITY LAYOUT
 The District of Columbia was created to serve as the permanent national

capital in 1790.
 Within the district, a new capital city was founded in 1791 to the east of a
preexisting settlement at Georgetown. The original street layout in the new
City of Washington was designed by Pierre.
 As a planned city, Washington was modeled in the Baroque style and
incorporated avenues radiating out from rectangles, providing room for
open space and landscaping.
 His design also envisioned a garden-lined "grand avenue" approximately 1
mile (1.6 km) in length and 400 feet (120 m) wide in the area that is now
the National Mall.
 The City of Washington was bounded to the north by Boundary Street
(now Florida Avenue) at the base of the escarpment of the Atlantic
Seaboard Fall Line, to the southeast by the Anacostia River, to the
southwest by the Potomac River and to the west by Rock Creek.
FOUR QUADRANTS
 The district is divided into four quadrants of unequal area: Northwest
(NW), Northeast (NE), Southeast (SE), and Southwest (SW). The axes bounding
the quadrants radiate from the U.S. Capitol building. All road names include the
quadrant abbreviation to indicate their location, and house numbers are assigned
based on the approximate number of blocks away from the Capitol. In most of the
city, the streets are set out in a grid pattern with east–west streets named with
letters (e.g., C Street SW) and north–south streets with numbers (e.g., 4th Street
NW). Two avenues, Constitution Avenue and Independence Avenue, line each side
of the Mall .Many of the diagonal streets and avenues in Washington are named
after states. Some of these streets are particularly noteworthy, such as Pennsylvania
Avenue, which connects the White House with the U.S. Capitol and Massachusetts
Avenue, a section of which is informally known as Embassy Row from the number
of foreign embassies located along the street.
EKISTICS
Ekistics concerns the science of human

settlements, including regional, city,
community planning and dwelling design.
Its major incentive was the emergence of
increasingly large and complex
conurbations, tending even to a worldwide
city. The study involves every kind of
human settlement, with particular attention
to geography, ecology, human psychology,
anthropology, culture, politics, and
occasionally aesthetics.

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RADIAL SETTLEMENT

A map of Moscow presents a pattern of concentric

 The District of Columbia was created to serve as the permanent national

Ekistics concerns the science of human

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