Week 4 PPT Ucsp

Slide Title
Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Sociocultural Evolution
What are the symbols that you have seen in the picture?
What are the uses of these symbols?
What are the significance of these symbols in the society
• Processing Questions:
• How does society emerged?

• What type of society do we live in
today?
• Why these practices and symbols are
important?
EVOLUTION of
SOCIETY
PALEOLITHIC
500,00BC- 10,000 NEOLITHIC
STAGE 8,000 BC- 4,000 BC-
8,000 BC
BC
MESOLITHIC STAGE
4,000 BC
METALLIC
1,500 BC
STAGE STAGE
OLD STONE AGE PERIOD OF THE COPPER WAS THE
MEN USED TRANSITIONAL POLISHED FIRST METAL USED
UNPOLISHED & CULTURE STONE AGE AS A TOOL FOR
CRUDE STONES AS IMPLEMENTS
TOOL IMPLEMENTS
07
• Sociocultural evolution are theories of cultural
and social evolution that describe how cultures
and societies change over time. Sociocultural
evolution is "the process by which structural
reorganization is affected through time, eventually
producing a form or structure which is qualitatively
different from the ancestral form. Sociologist
Gerhard Lenski (1924–) defined societies in terms
of their technological sophistication. As a society
advances, so does its use of technology.
Unilineal Evolution
Theory by Atty. Lewis Henry
Morgan in his book The Ancient
Society
Natural Evolution Theory

of Charles Darwin in his book The
Origin of Species & Descent in Man
2 THEORIES ON SOCIO-CULTURAL & POLITICAL

EVOLUTION
9
1
Unilineal Evolution
Theory by Atty. Lewis Henry
Morgan in his book The Ancient
Society
©holds that all human life passes through

different stages –from most primitive to
most civilized or human social organization
evolved through series of stages
12
7 STAGES OF
UNILINEAL
EVOLUTION
THEORY
1. LOWER SAVAGERY
2. MIDDLE SAVAGERY
3. UPPER SAVAGERY
4. LOWER BARBARISM
5. MIDDLE
BARBARISM
6. UPPER BARBARISM
7. CIVILIZED WORLD
ALPINE SKI HOUSE 13

Natural Evolution
Theory
Organism compete with one another
over space, food, & other things for
survival, or avoid being eaten, resist
diseases or become parasites..
The species which are not fit for - It holds that living things
survival or not better adapted to descended from simple forms
environmental conditions die or
eliminated.
of organisms and that man
–NATURAL SELECTION PROCESS- descended from apes.
“struggle for existence and the elimination of the unfit”

14
Earliest Societies
Hunting and gathering societies are the earliest form of society. The
members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering
edible plants. The majority of the members' time is spent looking for and
gathering food. A hunting and gathering society have five characteristics:
• Family is the society's primary institution. Family determines the distribution of food
and how to socialize children.
• These societies are small compared to the others. They generally have less than 50
members.
• Hunting and gathering societies are nomadic, which means that they move constantly
in order to find food and water.
• Members of hunting and gathering societies are mutually dependent upon each other.
• Although there is an equal division of labor among the members of hunting and
gathering societies, there is a division of labor based on sex. Men are typically
responsible for hunting, and women are typically gatherers.
Pastoral
•Pastoral societies rely on the domestication of
animals as a resource for survival. Pastoral
groups were able to breed livestock for food,
clothing, and transportation, and they created a
surplus of goods. Herding, or pastoral, societies
remained nomadic because they were forced to
follow their animals to fresh feeding grounds.
Horticultural societies formed in areas where
rainfall and other conditions allowed them to
grow stable crops. They were similar to hunter-
gatherers in that they largely depended on the
environment for survival, but since they didn’t
have to abandon their location to follow
resources, they were able to start permanent
settlements. This created more stability and more
material goods and became the basis for the first
revolution in human survival.
Agricultural societies relied on permanent tools for survival.
Farmers learned to rotate the types of crops grown on their
fields and to reuse waste products such as fertilizer, which
led to better harvests and bigger surpluses of food. New tools
for digging and harvesting were made of metal, human
settlements grew into towns and cities, and particularly
bountiful regions became centers of trade and commerce.
This period became referred to as the “dawn of civilization”

by some because of the development of leisure and
humanities. Craftspeople were able to support themselves
through the production of creative, decorative, or thought-
provoking aesthetic objects and writings.
• Industrial Society
 tasks that had until this point required months of labor became
achievable in a matter of days.
 Steam power began appearing everywhere.

Instead of paying artisans to painstakingly spin wool and weave it into cloth,
 people turned to textile mills that produced fabric quickly at a better
price and often with better quality.
 farmers were able to purchase mechanical seeders and threshing
machines that caused agricultural productivity to soar.
 Products such as paper and glass became available to the average
person, and the quality and accessibility of education and health care
soared.
 Gas lights allowed increased visibility in the dark, and towns and
cities developed a nightlife.
Post-Industrial Society
Information societies, sometimes known as
postindustrial or digital societies, are a
recent development. Information societies are
based on the production of information and
services.
• Digital technology is the steam engine of information
societies, and computer moguls such as Steve Jobs and Bill
Gates D.
• Members of a postindustrial society are likely to be employed
as sellers of services—software programmers or business
consultants, for example—instead of producers of goods.
Discuss your answers in the class.
• If given a chance to be born again

biologically (after death), what type of
society would you like to live again?
Why?
• By the year 2050, what type of society

we will have in this world? Describe the
life and practices of the people in this
society.
• The First Industrial Revolution used water and steam power to
mechanize production.
• The Second used electric power to create mass production.
• The Third used electronics and information technology to automate
production.
• The Fourth Industrial Revolution is building on the Third, the digital
revolution that has been occurring since the middle of the last century.
It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the
lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.
• Fourth Industrial revolution is evolving at an exponential rather than a
linear pace.
• Fourth Industrial Revolution have the potential to “robotize”
humanity and thus to deprive us of our heart and soul.
• The significance of Cultural, Social, Political and
Economic Symbols and Practices
Cultural practices are the manifestation of a culture or sub-
culture, especially concerning the traditional and customary
practices of a particular ethnic or other cultural group.
It plays an important role for a civilization and
character of its citizens and society.
The examples of cultural practices are religious and
spiritual practices, medical treatment practices,
forms of artistic expression, culinary practices,
housing and construction and childcare
practices.
The significance of Cultural, Social, Political and
Economic Symbols and Practices
Social Practices refer to everyday practices and the

way these are typically and habitually performed in
a society. It shapes everyday life and are familiar to
all members of the community, even if not
everybody participates in them. They are relevant
to community and help reinforce a sense of identity
and continuity with the past. ( Local & Regional
festivals, thanksgiving, Weddings, etc )
Economic system or practices are the
means by which societies distribute resources
and trade goods and services. They are used
to control the five factors of production,
including: labor, capital, entrepreneurs,
physical and information resources.
(buy & sell activities, entrepreneurs
operate to produce goods & supply goods,
credit & investments, business firms.
Political practices is a set of activities that are
associated with making decisions in groups, or
other forms of power relations to individual
such as the distributions of resources.
• Formulation & implementation of public
policy
• Providing public services
• Participation in election & etc.

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Slide Title

• How does society emerged?

Natural Evolution Theory

2 THEORIES ON SOCIO-CULTURAL & POLITICAL

©holds that all human life passes through

ALPINE SKI HOUSE 13

“struggle for existence and the elimination of the unfit”

This period became referred to as the “dawn of civilization”

 Steam power began appearing everywhere.

• If given a chance to be born again

• By the year 2050, what type of society

Social Practices refer to everyday practices and the

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