Case Study Presentation

RESEARCH
TECHNIQUES VIII
CASE STUDY IN ARCHITECTURAL
RESEARCH
SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY :-
Ar. Neetu Vidhisha Bhargava

16001006069
INTRODUCTION
 The use of case study as a method of inquiry is becoming increasingly common in the study
and practice of architecture.
 The primary body of knowledge in architecture is built up through written and visual
documentation of projects.
 It is imperative for architects to think about case study research within a performance-based
framework that links design decision to measurable outcome.
 A desired end goal of case study research is to develop a framework of facility database that
could be used to inform the development of design guidelines and provide necessary
information for study and best practice.
 Case studies have a long and well-established history in architecture. They are how architects
tell stories about and inform their colleagues and the public about their work.
WHAT IS CASE STUDY
RESEARCH?
 The term case study consists of two key words “case and study”. Therefore, the case study
must have a “case” which is the object of study.
 The case may be a relatively bounded object or a process. A case could a situation, set of
circumstances or a subject of investigation.
 Study is the effort to acquire knowledge, as by reading, observation, or research.
 Therefore, case study is the act of careful reading, examination and investigation of a process,
subject or phenomenon.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CASE
STUDY
 Under this method the researcher can take one single social unit or more of such units for his
study purpose; he may even take a situation to study the same comprehensively.
 Here the selected unit is studied intensively i.e., it is studied in minute details. Generally, the
study extends over a long period of time to ascertain the natural history of the unit so as to
obtain enough information for drawing correct inferences.
 In the context of this method we make complete study of the social unit covering all facets.
Through this method we try to understand the complex of factors that are operative within a
social unit as an integrated totality.
 Under this method the approach happens to be qualitative and not quantitative. Mere
quantitative information is not collected. Every possible effort is made to collect information
concerning all aspects of life. As such, case study deepens our perception and gives us a clear
insight into life. For instance, under this method we not only study how many crimes a man
has done but shall peep into the factors that forced him to commit crimes when we are making
a case study of a man as a criminal. The objective of the study may be to suggest ways to
reform the criminal.
 In respect of the case study method an effort is made to know the mutual inter-relationship of
causal factors.
 Under case study method the behaviour pattern of the concerning unit is studied directly and
not by an indirect and abstract approach.
 Case study method results in fruitful hypotheses along with the data which may be helpful in
testing them, and thus it enables the generalised knowledge to get richer and richer. In its
absence, generalised social science may get handicapped.
TYPES OF CASE STUDY
 Instrumental case study : An instrumental case study uses a case to gain insights into a
phenomenon. For example, a researcher interested in child obesity rates might set up a study
with middle school students and an exercise program. In this case, the children and the
exercise program are not the focus. The focus is learning the relationship between children and
exercise, and why children become obese.
 Multiple case or collective studies : Multiple case or collective studies use information from
different studies to formulate the case for a new study. The use of past studies allows
additional information without needing to spend more time and money on additional subjects.
 Intrinsic case study : An intrinsic case study is the study of a case where in the subject itself
is the primary interest. The “Genie” case is an example of this. The study wasn’t so much
about psychology, but about Genie herself, and how her experiences shaped who she was.
VALUE OF CASE STUDY IN
ARCHITECTURE
Valuable benefits of case studies in architecture in six general areas are: teaching, research,
practice, theory building, criticism, and communication and outreach.
 Teaching: Landscape architecture today is predominately taught by example. Case studies are
an effective and established way to use examples in the classroom or studio. Most schools
utilize some form of case study method in their curriculum. Case studies are a useful way for
students to gain insight into past projects in order to successfully design new ones. They are
particularly instructive in teaching history and useful for students in community outreach
projects. Case studies are an excellent way to get students involved in architectural research
because the method is easily used by students, including those early in their training.
 Research: There is a large and well-developed literature on the case study method and its
many applications. Architectural researchers have utilized the case methods in post occupancy
evaluations, landscape ecology, site technology and historical
analysis. Increased use of case studies helps to expand the research base in architecture as
well as to communicate these research advances to the profession.
 Practice: Case studies are a structured way of recording and record keeping for architectural
projects. They are useful in case law and have a value for defensible practice. Case studies are
also a useful way for practitioners to evaluate the success and failure of projects. Case studies
can help practitioners replicate successes and avoid failures. They can be particularly useful in
the design process as a way of engaging a variety of people in a complex process, moving
from problem identification to creating a solution. Case studies can also serve as “how-to”
guides which, if well designed and clearly expressed, can lead someone step-by-step through
any process.
 Theory Building: Case studies can be instrumental in developing new theory related to
architecture. They can not only describe but also explain and predict future action.
 Criticism: A body of criticism is essential for any profession to develop and progress. Case
studies are a useful way to develop criticism in landscape architecture. They can illuminate
both the positive as well as the more negative aspects of projects. Case studies can also inform
the ongoing intellectual debate and critical discussion within landscape architecture.
 Communication and Outreach: Case studies are an effective way to communicate the results
of architectural projects. They are particularly well suited for reporting in the media and are
easily understandable by the public. They can give visibility to the uniqueness of the
profession and its many important contributions.
LIMITATIONS OF CASE STUDY
 Inability to compare across cases, especially where different types of data have been collected.
 Some architects and students of architecture consider taking pictures of built projects as a form
of case study analysis. Empirical and critical analysis is often missing.
 No use of systematic method across board.
 Case studies are usually expensive to conduct, especially if they are done well with time spent
on site.
PROCESS AND COMPONENTS
OF CASE STUDY
 Establish the aim of case study
 Case identification
 Appraise identified case
 Review of literature
 Develop a standardize framework
 Develop facility documentation methodology
 Collect data
 Analyze data
 Interpret data and write-up results
PRESENTATION OF CASE
STUDY
 Project Name
 Location
 Date Designed/Planned
 Date of Construction (start - end)
 Construction Cost
 Size of the project
 Architect
 Client
 Developer
 Consultants
The researcher would further present other details of the case studied in the following headlines:
 Context. The contextual information of the case/project studied is expected to be documented.
 Site Analysis
 Basic architectural drawings (Plans and elevations)
 Project Background History
 Design Development and decision-making Process
 Role of the architects and other building team
 Maintenance and Management of the project: The status and the level of maintenance and
management of the project should be noted.
 Environmental Impact of the project
 Value addition to the society
 Criticism and Limitations
 Lessons Learnt.
THANK
YOU…

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RESEARCH

Ar. Neetu Vidhisha Bhargava

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