Seminar Topic: Tyres: By-N.B.R Kaushik Mechanical 4 Year Roll No:711633
Seminar Topic: Tyres: By-N.B.R Kaushik Mechanical 4 Year Roll No:711633
Seminar Topic: Tyres: By-N.B.R Kaushik Mechanical 4 Year Roll No:711633
Topic: Tyres
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
ANDHRA PRADESH
DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
The tyres also have several types of fabric for reinforcement and several kinds and
sizes of steel
Why are tyres black?
• To protect rubber
from harmful UV rays
(carbon black
also improving
strength, wear
resistance)
Evolution of tyres
The earliest tyres were bands of leather
1844: Charles Goodyear and Robert William Thomson
– Vulcanization of rubber enabled to use Solid rubber tyres.
1888: John Boyd Dunlop
– Gasoline Cars and the Pneumatic Tyre by Benz
1905: Tread Tyre
Rib shape: Asymmetric pattern:
Different tread design
on the inside to the
outside.
Block shape:-
1
3
Tyre cross-section
Tyre manufacturing
Manufacturing
Pneumatic tires are manufactured in
about 450 tyre factories around the
world
Over one billion tyres are
manufactured annually, making the
tire industry a major consumer of
natural rubber
According to carcass
According to construction
According to tread pattern
design
Summer tires
Winter tires
All season
tires
Summer tyre Winter tyre
All season
tyre
According to carcass
Belted-Bias Tyre
Radial Ply
Tyre
Radial ply Cross ply
According to construction
Conventional Tubeless
tube Tyre
Tyre
Drawbacks of Pneumatic tyres
Puncture or Blowout.
Variations in air
pressure changes tyre
performance.
• TREAD
• SHEER BAND
• DEFORMEBLE
WHEEL
• FLEXIBLE
SPOKES
How does it work?
Flexible spokes are fused with a
.
flexible wheel which deforms to
absorb shock.
The Tweel also has a unique
capability to have different vertical
and lateral stiffness.
The vertical stiffness affects ride
comfort, and lateral stiffness
affects handling and cornering.
The best of both worlds, ride comfort
and superb handling!
Tweel works well over rocky terrains
Design approach
1st Major Attempt
At Creating An
Airless Tyre Was
In 1970 For
NASA’S Apollo
Lunar Rover
Resilient
Technologies
, LLC
Bridgestone vs Michelin
Difference between the two tire maker’s wheels, is the size of the
supporting ribs. Michelin focused on allowing the tires to be able to deform
over obstacles, making them more suitable for military applications
where as
Bridgestone has approached its tire from the consumer angle, creating a
highly recyclable tire that will cut down on maintenance costs and time
Advantages Disadvantages
Eliminates air leaks or tyre blow Lack of adjustability.
outs.
Vibration.
No maintenance required.
In backhoe or bulldozers.
continued..
For Military vehicles
Also used in
All Terrine Vehicles (ATV)
FUTURE CHALLENGES
• Goodyear in collaboration with
NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC),
develop non-pneumatic tyres for use
first on the moon, and eventually on
Mars.
• Lunar tyres need to be
designed to develop traction
on sandy undulated terrain, in
regions that humans have
never even seen up close.
SELF INFLATINING
TIRE SYSTEM
……tire system for future
• Adjust to the current terrain for ideal performance and
safety in those conditions.
• Constantly maintain tire pressure at the proper level.
• Slow leaks and for optimizing performance and safety
• Re-inflation of tires to proper level
Please Pay Attentions
Research studies show that under-inflated tires are a major issue today.
In the USA
27% of passenger cars and 32% of light trucks have at least one tire under
pressured by more than 25%. This results in 1.24 billion gallons of wasted
fuel per year (costing 3.7 billion USD).
In the EU
38% of cars in the EU drive on under-inflated tires. This results in 5.3 billon
liters of wasted fuel worth of 7 billion EUR, and an extra 12.3 million tons
of CO2 released into the atmosphere.
At the spot where the tire meets the road the rubber is bent
out. it takes force to bend that tire and the more it has to bend
the more force it takes.
Self-inflating Systems
• The idea behind the CTIS is to provide control over the air
pressure in each tire
• As a way to improve performance on different surfaces.
• Driver can give direct control over the air pressure in each tire
• To maintain pressure in the tires if there is a slow leak or
puncture.
• System controls inflation automatically based on the selected
pressure the driver has set.
CTIS: INSIDE
• Wheel Valve
• Control Panel
• Speed Sensor
• Pressure Switch
• ECU
• Pneumatic Control Unit
Other Important applications
• Designed to withstand extremely heavy loads for
short durations .
• Each tyre is inflated to 15 bar(200psi) and weighs
120 kg
• Diameter : 134cm
• Cost: 3lakh 50 thousand
• Car tyre typically costs around 3-4 thousand
• General car tire pressure is 30-35 psi