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    Anatomy & Physiology Brain

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    Amala Fay Chavez
    The human brain contains four main parts - the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and limbic system. The cerebrum controls higher functions like language and movement. The cerebellum coordinates movement. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital functions. The limbic system generates emotions. Neurotransmission occurs via neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA which bind to receptors and have excitatory or inhibitory effects.

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    Anatomy & Physiology Brain

    Uploaded by

    Amala Fay Chavez
    54 views21 pages
    The human brain contains four main parts - the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and limbic system. The cerebrum controls higher functions like language and movement. The cerebellum coordinates movement. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital functions. The limbic system generates emotions. Neurotransmission occurs via neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA which bind to receptors and have excitatory or inhibitory effects.

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    The human brain contains four main parts - the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and limbic system. The cerebrum controls higher functions like language and movement. The cerebellum coordinates movement. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital functions. The limbic system generates emotions. Neurotransmission occurs via neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA which bind to receptors and have excitatory or inhibitory effects.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    54 views21 pages

    Anatomy & Physiology Brain

    Uploaded by

    Amala Fay Chavez
    The human brain contains four main parts - the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and limbic system. The cerebrum controls higher functions like language and movement. The cerebellum coordinates movement. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital functions. The limbic system generates emotions. Neurotransmission occurs via neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA which bind to receptors and have excitatory or inhibitory effects.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

    HUMAN BRAIN
    Human Brain
    4 PARTS OF THE BRAIN
     Cerebrum
     Cerebellum
     Brain stem
     Limbic system
    CEREBRUM
     Most high level brain function takes
    place
     Divided into 2 hemisphere: right &
    left hemisphere
     Right hemisphere is responsible for
    music & art awareness, insight and
    controls the left part of the body
    CONT’N CEREBRUM…
     Left hemisphere is responsible for
    mathematical skills, language,
    reading, writing and controls the
    right part of the body
     Have 4 lobes: frontal, temporal,
    parietal and occipital lobe.
     Covers 85% of the brain’s weight
    CEREBELLUM
     “little brain”
     Located at lower back of brain
    beneath the occipital lobe
     Center for coordination of
    movement and postural adjustment
    CONT’N CEREBELLUM...
     Receives & integrates information
    from all areas of body such as:
    muscles, joints, organs & other
    components of CNS
     Inhibited the transmission of
    dopamine in this area.
    BRAIN STEM
     Connects spinal cord to the rest of the brain
     Composed of the following:

    -MEDULLA- located at top of spinal cord, contains


    vital centers for respirations & cardiovascular
    function.
    -PONS- bridges the gap both structurally &
    functionally serving as primary motor pathway.
    -MIDBRAIN- connects pons & cerebellum with the
    cerebrum.
    -LOCUS CERULEUS- a small group of
    norepinephrine- producing neurons in brain stem.
    LIMBIC SYSTEM
     “Emotional brain”- emotional responses such as;
    anger, fear, anxiety, pleasure, sorrow & sexual
    feelings generated in limbic system but interpreted
    in frontal lobe.
     Parts of the limbic system:

    -THALAMUS- regulates activity, sensation & emotion.


    -HYPOTHALAMUS- involved in temperature
    regulation, appetite control, endocrine function,
    sexual drive & impulsiveness behavior associated
    with feelings of anger, rage & excitement.
    -HIPPOCAMPUS & AMYGDALA- involved in
    emotional arousal & memory.
    STRESS
    HYPOTHALAMUS-
    PITUITARY- ADRENAL
    AXIS
    STRESS HPA HYPOTHALAMUS
    STRESS
    AXIS

    PITUITARY CRF
    STRESS GLAD

    ADRENAL
    ACTH CORTISOL
    CORTEX

    STRESS HPA AXIS


    NEUROTRANSMISSION
    NEUROTRANSMITTERS
     Neurotransmitters are chemicals which
    transmit signals from a neuron to a target
    cell across a synapse. Neurotransmitters
    are packaged into synaptic vesicles
    clustered beneath the membrane on the
    presynaptic side of a synapse, and are
    released into the synaptic cleft, where
    they bind to receptors in the membrane
    on the postsynaptic side of the synapse.
     
    ACETYLCHOLINE
     Found in the brain, spinal cord and
    PNS.
     Can be inhibitory and excitatory
     Synthesized from dietary choline
    found in red meat and vegetables
     Affects sleep- wake cycle and to
    signal muscles to become active
    DOPAMINE
     Essential to the functioning of CNS
     Excitatory
     Involved in emotions, moods and
    regulation of motor control.
     Dopamine forms from a precursor
    molecule called dopa- manufactured
    from liver from amino acid tyrosine.
    NOREPINEPHRINE &
    EPINEPHRINE (ADRENALIN)
     Most prevalent neurotransmitter in
    nervous system.
     Excitatory
     Has limited distribution in brain but
    controls fight or flight in PNS
     Play a role in attention, learning &
    memory, sleep and wakefulness and
    mood regulation.
    SEROTONIN
     Its function is mostly inhibitory that
    includes induction of sleep and
    wakefulness, pain control, temperature
    regulation, control of mood, memory,
    and sexual behavior.
     Inhibitory
     Serotonin is produced in brain from
    amino acid tryptophan- derived from
    foods high in CHON.
    HISTAMINE
     Involved in emotions, regulation of
    body temperature and water
    balance.
     Neuromodulators
    GLUTAMATE
     Excitatory amino acid that at high
    levels that can have major neurotoxic
    effects.
    GABA
     Most abundant neurotransmitters
    within the CNS and in cerebral
    cortex.
     Largely responsible for such higher
    brain functions as thought and
    interpreting sensations.
     Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in
    the brain.

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