Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 58 views

    Computer System

    Uploaded by

    grace bulawit
    Computers have progressed through five generations based on hardware and software technologies. The first generation used vacuum tubes, punched cards, and magnetic drums. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic core memory, and magnetic tape. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits, timesharing operating systems, and standard programming languages. The fourth generation was defined by microprocessors, personal computers, graphical user interfaces, relational databases, and local area networks. The fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence, parallel processing, optical storage, and neural networks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Computer System

    Uploaded by

    grace bulawit
    58 views16 pages
    Computers have progressed through five generations based on hardware and software technologies. The first generation used vacuum tubes, punched cards, and magnetic drums. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic core memory, and magnetic tape. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits, timesharing operating systems, and standard programming languages. The fourth generation was defined by microprocessors, personal computers, graphical user interfaces, relational databases, and local area networks. The fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence, parallel processing, optical storage, and neural networks.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Computers have progressed through five generations based on hardware and software technologies. The first generation used vacuum tubes, punched cards, and magnetic drums. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic core memory, and magnetic tape. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits, timesharing operating systems, and standard programming languages. The fourth generation was defined by microprocessors, personal computers, graphical user interfaces, relational databases, and local area networks. The fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence, parallel processing, optical storage, and neural networks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    58 views16 pages

    Computer System

    Uploaded by

    grace bulawit
    Computers have progressed through five generations based on hardware and software technologies. The first generation used vacuum tubes, punched cards, and magnetic drums. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic core memory, and magnetic tape. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits, timesharing operating systems, and standard programming languages. The fourth generation was defined by microprocessors, personal computers, graphical user interfaces, relational databases, and local area networks. The fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence, parallel processing, optical storage, and neural networks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Computer System

    Computers
    • It is an advanced electronic device
    that takes raw data as input from
    the user and processes these data
    under the control of set of
    instructions (called program) and
    gives the result (output) and saves
    output for the future use. It can
    process both numerical and non-
    numerical (arithmetic and logical)
    calculations.
    HISTORY

    Computer Generation
    - refers to the change in technology that is used for a
    computer during a time period. Initially, the generation term
    was used to distinguish between varying hardware
    technologies. But nowadays, generation includes both
    hardware and software, which together make up an entire
    computer system.
    Generation Hardware Software Key characteristics Example of
    (Period) Technologies Technologies Computer
    First  Machine  Bulky in size  ENIAC
    (1940-1956) language uses  Highly unreliable  EDVAC
    0s and 1s  Limited commercial  EDSAC
     Stored program use and costly  UNIVAC 1
    Vacuum tubes
    concept  Difficult commercial  IBM 701
     Mostly scientific production
    applications  Difficult to use
     Processing speed:
    Electromagnetic
    milliseconds
    relay memory
     Punched cards
    secondary
    storage
    Generation Hardware Software Key characteristics Example of
    (Period) Technologies Technologies Computer
    Second  Assembly  Faster, smaller, more  Honeywell
    (1956-1963) Language reliable and easier to 400
     Batch operating program than  IBM 7030
    system previous generation  IBM 1401
    Transistors  High-level systems  CDC 1604
     Programming  Commercial  UNIVAC
    languages production was still LARC

     Scientific and difficult and costly


    Magnetic cores commercial  Processing speed:
    memory application microseconds

     Magnetic tapes
     Disks for
    secondary
    storage
    Generation Hardware Software Key characteristics Example of
    (Period) Technologies Technologies Computer
    Third  Timesharing  Faster, smaller, more  IBM
    (1964-1971) operating reliable, easier and 360/370
    system cheaper to produce  PDP-8
     Standardization  Commercially, easier  PDP-11
    of high-level to use, and easier to  CDC 6600
    Integrated Circuits programming upgrade than previous
    (chips)  Unbundling of generation systems
     ICs with SSI and software from  Scientific, commercial
    MSI technologies hardware and interactive on-line
     Larger magnetic applications
    cores memory  Processing speed:
     Larger capacity nanoseconds
    disks and
    magnetic tapes
    secondary
    storage
     Keyboard and
    monitor
     Minicomputers;
    upward
    compatible
    family of
    computers
    Generation Hardware Software Key characteristics Example of
    (Period) Technologies Technologies Computer

    Fourth  Operating  Small, affordable,  IBM PC and


    (1971-prese systems for PCs reliable, and easy to its clones
    nt) with GUI and use PCs  Apple II
    multiple  More powerful and  TRS-80
    windows on a reliable mainframe  VAX 9000
    Microprocessors or single terminal systems and  CRAY-1
    Large Scale IC screen supercomputers  CRAY-2
     Microprocessors;  Multiprocessing  Totally general  CRAY-X/MP
    semiconductor OS with purpose machines
    memory concurrent  Easier to produce
     Larger capacity programming commercially
    hard disks as languages  Easier to upgrade
    in-built  UNIX operating  Rapid software
    secondary system with C development possible
    storage programming  Processing speed:
     Magnetic tapes language picoseconds
    and floppy disks  Object-oriented
    as portable design and
    storage media programming
     Pointing devices  PC,
    like mouse and Network-based,
    handled devices and
     Personal supercomputing
    computers applications
     Supercomputers
    based on parallel
    vector processing
    and symmetric
    multiprocessing
    technologies
     Spread of
    high-speed
    computer
    networks
    Generation Hardware Software Key characteristics Example of
    (Period) Technologies Technologies Computer
    Fifth  ULSI technology
    (present-  Development of true
    beyond) artificial intelligence
     Development of
    Natural language
    processing
     Advancement in
    Artificial Parallel processing
    Intelligent  Advancement in
    Superconductor
     Super Large Scale technology
    Integrated (SLSI)  More user friendly
    chips that are interfaces with
    able to store multimedia features
    millions of  Availability of very
    components on a powerful and
    single chip Larger
    compact computers
    capacity main at cheaper rates
    memory, hard
    disks with RAID
    support
     Optical disks as
    portable
    read-only storage
    media
     Very large
    memory
     Notebooks,
    powerful desktop
    PCs and
    workstations
     Powerful severs,
    supercomputers
     Internet
     Cluster
    computing
    CLASSESS OF COMPUTER

    You might also like