Gender and Society 1

UNIT I
GENDER AND SEXUALITY

AS A SOCIAL REALITY
LESSON I:
SEX, GENDER
AND SEXUALITY
GENDER
- the social interpretation of sex masculinity,
feminist, etc.
- our ability for higher order thinking and our

tendency to create social norms, allow us to attach
social and cultural meanings to things including our
sex.
GENDER
- manifested as a new baby arrives in the family the baby manifested
their social interpretation of the baby’s sex.
- In social and cultural meaning during birth, they autonomically attach

to the child sex, they already set an expectation in terms of how their
child should behave and they should treat their child.
For example:
Males are typically expected to be masculine
and females are expected to be femine.
Heteronormativity
- This phenomenon of determining
the normality of a behavior based on
whether it conforms or not to the
expectations relative to ones
biological sex.
SEX
- The biological aspect of sex; maleness or
femaleness
- Biological dimension of your gender and
sexuality.
- Also referred to as biological or physical sex,
pertains to your identity defending on your
sexual anatomy and phycology.
- For Example:
If you are born having a penis and
testicles, then you are already
categorized as male.
And on the other hand if you are born
having a vagina, then you are already
categorized as female.
 Baby’s genitals appear to be a conglomerate
of male and female organs is referred to as
hermaphroditism. In modern times, the term
intersexuality is used to refer to this
phenomena.
 Sex Chromosomes – marks a persons biological
sex drive and aggression.
 XY sex chromosomes, testosterone = MALE
 XX sex chromosomes, estrogen and
progesterone lactation , menstruation =
GENDER IDENTITY
- refers to how do we see ourselves as a man or a
woman, or neither. Means males are comfortable as
identifying as man and females are comfortable
identifying as a woman.
Transgender
- is the person who undergo gender reassignment surgery
to change their physical characteristics to their gender
identity.
SEX ORIENTATION
- Another aspect of our gender pertains to our
emotional and sexual attraction to a person.
- According to the psychological association of
the Philippines, typically at age 6-8, experience
or develop attraction to other people.
- Everyone sexuality is different and deeply
personal
 People who attracted to the opposite sex are
called “Heterosexual” or “straight”
 People who are attracted to the same sex are
called “homosexual” or “gay or lesbian”
 People who attracted to the both men and
women are called “bisexual” or “bi”
 LGBT refers to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and
transgender community.
APPRECIATING DIVERSITY
- According to the American psychological association (APA)
nature and nature play a complex role in shaping our
sexual orientation.
- Homosexuality and heterosexuality are part of the human
sexuality and it is a large part of the human experience.
- According to the psychological association of the
Philippines ‘’we can only truly tell if the person is gay,
lesbian, or bisexual if the person shares with us his or her
experiences and feelings of attraction towards them.”
ADOLESCENCE
- Is when we discover our

emotional and sexual
attraction towards the
people.
UNIT I

AS A SOCIAL REALITY
LESSON 2:
ACROSS TIME
PATRIARCHY
- Social system where men primarily holds power in

the political and the private spheres.
- Is from the greek word patriarkhes which means
“the rule of father”. It is social system where men
primarily holds power in the political in the private
spheres.
- Is viewed by most sociologists as a biological
phenomenon.
FEMINISM
- Continuing series of social
movements that aim to challenge the
patriarchal society that creats this
oppresine political stuctures, beliefs,
and practices against women.
HISTORICAL VIEWS ON GENDER
GREEK
- Aristotle, Plato and other Greek philosophers viewed women
as the inferior sex and are properties of men whose only job
was to obey their husbands,bear children, and take care of
the household.
EGYPT
- Herodotus, a greek historian, observed the Egyptian civilization
citing that Egyptian women enjoyed higher social status than greek
women because they can inherit property and engage in trade and
politics.
HISTORICAL VIEWS ON GENDER
CHINA
- Confucianism has stringent written rules that
dictate how women should conduct themselves.
The written documents titled “three obegience’s
and four virtues” and “precepts of women”
states that women should obey their father,
when married she is to obey her husband, and
when widowed she is to obey her son.
WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
- Womens liberation movement, womens movement, feminism is a
continuing series of social movement that aim to challenge the patriarchal
society that creates these expressive political structures, beliefs and
practices against women.
- Here are few salient points that feminism demands:
1. Woman suffrage- woman were not allowed to vote before because they
were viewed as a rational and temperamental. Therefore not able to make
ratuional decisions.
2. Equality in politics and society- for a hundred of years women were
silenced so socity must make an effort to restore their rights.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
3. Reproductive rights means the woman is in control of her body
and she can decide for herself.
4. Domestic violence such as marital rape and physical abuse are
often dismissed by society as part of marriage.
5. Sexual harassment and sexual violence- the center of womens
resources in the Philippines estimates that one woman or child is
raped every hour mostly someone they know.
6. Other rights include the right divorce their husband, the right to
make decisions on her pregnancy equitable wages, and equal
employment opportunity.
PREPARED BY:
BOLHANO
SOTTO
FERNANDEZ
SUNGA
DELOS SANTOS
MACABIO
DE GUZMAN
BAGARES

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UNIT I

GENDER AND SEXUALITY

- our ability for higher order thinking and our

- In social and cultural meaning during birth, they autonomically attach

- Is when we discover our

GENDER AND SEXUALITY

- Social system where men primarily holds power in

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