Requirement Transducers

Transducers :
Characteristics
MANASY JAYASURYA
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Computer Science & Applications
St.Mary’s College, Thrissur
Characteristics of Transducers
The performance characteristics of a Transducer are key in selecting

the best suitable transducer for a particular design.
So, it is very important to know the characteristics of transducers
for proper selection.
Performance characteristics of transducers can be further classified
into two types:
1. Static Characteristics
2. Dynamic Characteristics
Static Characteristics
The static characteristics of a transducer is a set of performance criteria that are
established through static calibration.
That is description of the quality of measurement by essentially maintaining the
measured quantities as constant values of varying very slowly.
Following is a list of some of the important static characteristics of transducers.
1. Sensitivity
2. Linearity
3. Resolution
4. Precision (Accuracy)
5. Span and Range
6. Threshold
7. Drift
8. Stability
9. Responsiveness
10. Repeatability
11. Input Impedance and Output Impedance
Dynamic Characteristics
The dynamic characteristics of transducers relate to its performance when the measured
quantity is a function of time
It varies rapidly with respect to time.
While static characteristics relate to the performance of a transducer when the
measured quantity is essentially constant, the dynamic characteristics relate to dynamic
inputs, which means that they are dependent on its own parameters as well as the
nature of the input signal.
The following are some dynamic characteristics that may be considered in selection of
a transducer.
1. Dynamic Error
2. Fidelity
3. Speed of Response
4. Bandwidth
Overall, both static and dynamic characteristics of a Transducer determine its
performance and indicate how effectively it can accept desired input signals and reject
unwanted inputs.
Characteristics
1. Accuracy: It is defined as the closeness with which the reading approaches
an accepted standard value or ideal value or true value, of the variable being
measured.
2. Ruggedness: The transducer should be mechanically rugged to withstand
overloads. It should have overload protection.
3. Sensitivity: The sensitivity of the electrical transducer is defined as the
electrical output obtained per unit change in the physical parameter of the input
quantity. For example, for a transducer used for temperature measurement,
sensitivity will be expressed in mV/’ C. A high sensitivity is always desirable for a
given transducer.
4. Repeatability: The output of the transducer must be exactly the same,
under same environmental conditions, when the same quantity is applied at the
input repeatedly.
5. High output: The transducer should give reasonably high output signal so
that it can be easily processed and measured. The output must be much larger than
noise. Now-a-days, digital output is preferred in many applications;
Continue…
6. High Stability and Reliability: The output of the transducer should be

highly stable and reliable so that there will be minimum error in measurement.
The output must remain unaffected by environmental conditions such as
change in temperature, pressure, etc.
7. Linearity: The output of the transducer should be linearly proportional to
the input quantity under measurement. It should have linear input - output
characteristic. -
8. Dynamic Range: For a transducer, the operating range should be wide, so
that it can be used over a wide range of measurement conditions.
9. Size: The transducer should have smallest possible size and shape with minimal
weight and volume. This will make the measurement system very compact.
10. Speed of Response: It is the rapidity with which the transducer responds to
changes in the measured quantity. The speed of response of the transducer should
be as high as practicable.
Basic requirements of the Electrical transducer:
1. Repeatability : When the same input signal is applied to the transducer at

different times under the same environmental conditions, it should give ide
ntical output signals.
2. Linearity : The transducers should have linear input-output characteristics
.
3. Ruggedness : The transducer circuit should have overload protection so th
at it will withstand overloads.
4. High stability and reliability : The transducers output signal should not g
et affected by environmental variations(disturbances) like temperature, vib
ration etc. It should give minimum error in measurements.
Continue…
5. Good dynamic response : In real-time applications, the input signal will v

ary with time ( ie, the input signal is dynamic in nature). The transducer sh
ould respond as quick as possible for any change in the input signal.
6. Convenient instrumentation : The transducers output signal should be m
easured either directly or after suitable amplification.
7. Mechanical characteristics : When the transducer is subjected to various
mechanical strains during working conditions, its performance should not
degrade. It should withstand the mechanical strains.
Reference
http://www.electricalbasicprojects.com/transducer-basics-types-requirements/
https://srmaero.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/4/8/22480700/intro_to_transducers.pdf
https://www.brainkart.com/article/Characteristics-of-Transducer_12760/
THANK YOU

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Transducers :

The performance characteristics of a Transducer are key in selecting

6. High Stability and Reliability: The output of the transducer should be

1. Repeatability : When the same input signal is applied to the transducer at

5. Good dynamic response : In real-time applications, the input signal will v

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