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    Lecture 64: Anatomy of Tongue: Dr. Mohammad Rehan Asad

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    Rehan Asad
    The lecture discusses the anatomy of the tongue, including its development from pharyngeal arches, muscles, blood and nerve supply. It describes the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that alter the shape and movement of the tongue, as well as the mucous membrane and papillae. Congenital anomalies of the tongue such as ankyloglossia and lingual thyroid are also reviewed.

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    Lecture 64: Anatomy of Tongue: Dr. Mohammad Rehan Asad

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    Rehan Asad
    176 views20 pages
    The lecture discusses the anatomy of the tongue, including its development from pharyngeal arches, muscles, blood and nerve supply. It describes the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that alter the shape and movement of the tongue, as well as the mucous membrane and papillae. Congenital anomalies of the tongue such as ankyloglossia and lingual thyroid are also reviewed.

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    ANATOMY OF TONGUE

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    The lecture discusses the anatomy of the tongue, including its development from pharyngeal arches, muscles, blood and nerve supply. It describes the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that alter the shape and movement of the tongue, as well as the mucous membrane and papillae. Congenital anomalies of the tongue such as ankyloglossia and lingual thyroid are also reviewed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    176 views20 pages

    Lecture 64: Anatomy of Tongue: Dr. Mohammad Rehan Asad

    Uploaded by

    Rehan Asad
    The lecture discusses the anatomy of the tongue, including its development from pharyngeal arches, muscles, blood and nerve supply. It describes the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that alter the shape and movement of the tongue, as well as the mucous membrane and papillae. Congenital anomalies of the tongue such as ankyloglossia and lingual thyroid are also reviewed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 20

    LECTURE 64: ANATOMY

    OF TONGUE
    DR. MOHAMMAD REHAN ASAD
    At the end of the lecture the student should be able to

    • Discuss development of tongue


    • Describe mucous membrane of tongue
    • Enlist extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue with its
    action and nerve supply
    • Identify blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic
    drainage of tongue.
    • Identify congenital anomalies of the tongue
    Introduction
    • The tongue is a mass of
    striated muscle covered
    with mucous membrane
    • The muscles attach the
    tongue to the styloid
    process and the soft
    palate above and to the
    mandible and the hyoid
    bone below.
    • The tongue is divided into
    right and left halves by a
    median fibrous septum.
    Development
    • Starts forming in fourth week
    • Two lateral swelling and one
    median swelling known as
    tuberculum impar
    • These three swelling arise
    from first pharyngeal arch.
    • It form anterior 2/3 of tongue.
    • The second median swelling
    copula is formed from second,
    third and fourth brachial arch.
    • Also known as hypobrachial
    eminence.
    Development
    • That’s why general sensory
    innervation of body is 5th
    CN, and root is by IX and X
    CN.
    • Nerves of first, third and
    fourth arches.
    • Tongue tie: also known as
    ankyloglossia
    • The tongue is not free from
    the floor of the mouth.
    • Frenulum extend up to the
    tip of the tongue.
    Mucous Membrane of the Tongue

    • Divided into anterior and


    posterior parts by a V-shaped
    sulcus, the sulcus terminalis
    • The apex of the sulcus projects
    backward and is marked by a
    small pit, the foramen cecum.
    • The sulcus serves to divide the
    tongue into the anterior two
    thirds, or oral part, and the
    posterior third, or pharyngeal
    part.
    • The foramen cecum is an
    embryologic remnant and marks
    the site of the upper end of the
    thyroglossal duct.
    Mucous Membrane of the Tongue

    • Three types of papillae are


    present on the upper surface
    of the anterior two thirds of
    the tongue: the filiform,
    papillae, the fungiform
    papillae, and the vallate
    papillae.
    • the posterior third of the
    tongue is devoid of papillae
    but has an irregular surface
    caused by the presence of
    underlying lymph nodules,
    the lingual tonsil.
    Mucous Membrane of the Tongue
    • The mucous membrane on the
    inferior surface of the tongue is
    reflected from the tongue to the
    floor of the mouth.
    • In the midline anteriorly, the
    undersurface of the tongue is
    connected to the floor of the mouth
    by a fold of mucous membrane, the
    frenulum of the tongue.
    • On the lateral side of the frenulum,
    the deep lingual vein can be seen
    through the mucous membrane.
    • Lateral to the lingual vein, the
    mucous membrane forms a fringed
    fold called the plica fimbriata
    Intrinsic Muscles

    • These muscles are confined to the tongue and are not


    attached to bone.
    • They consist of longitudinal, transverse,and vertical fibers.
    • Originate form median septum and sub mucosa
    • Insert in mucous membrane
    • Nerve supply: Hypoglossal nerve
    • Action: Alter the shape of the tongue
    Extrinsic Muscles
    • These muscles are attached to
    bones and the soft palate.
    • Genioglossus, the hyoglossus,
    the styloglossus,and the
    palatoglossus.
    • Genioglossus
    O: Superior genial spine of
    mandible
    I: Blends with other muscles of
    tongue
    Action: Protrudes apex of
    tongue through mouth
    Extrinsic Muscles

    • Hyoglossus
    O: Body and greater
    cornu of hyoid bone
    I: Blends with other
    muscles of tongue
    Action: Depresses
    tongue
    Extrinsic Muscles

    • Styloglossus
    O: Styloid process of temporal
    bone
    I: Blends with other muscles of
    tongue
    Action: Draws tongue upward
    and backward
    • Palatoglossus
    O: Palatine aponeurosis
    I: Side of tongue
    Action: Pulls roots of tongue
    upward and backward, narrows
    oropharyngeal isthmus
    Blood supply

    • Arterial supply: The


    lingual artery, the
    tonsillar branch of the
    facial artery, and the
    ascending pharyngeal
    artery supply the tongue.
    • Venous drainage: The
    veins drain into the
    internal jugular vein.
    Lymph Drainage

    Tip: Submental lymph


    nodes
    Sides of the anterior
    two thirds:
    Submandibular and
    deep cervical lymph
    nodes
    Posterior third: Deep
    cervical lymph nodes
    Innervation
    • Sensory Innervation
    Anterior two thirds: Lingual
    nerve branch of mandibular
    division of trigeminal nerve
    (general sensation) and
    chorda tympani branch of the
    facial nerve (taste)
    Posterior third:
    Glossopharyngeal nerve
    (general sensation and taste)
    • Motor supply: all the muscles
    are supplied by Hypoglossal
    nerve except palatogossus.
    Movements of the Tongue

    • Protrusion: The genioglossus muscles on both sides


    acting together
    • Retraction: Styloglossus and hyoglossus muscles on
    both sides acting together
    • Depression: Hyoglossus muscles on both sides acting
    together
    • Retraction and elevation of the posterior third:
    Styloglossus and palatoglossus muscles on both sides
    acting together
    • Shape changes: Intrinsic muscles
    Congenital anomalies of tongue
    Aglossia
    • Aglossia- complete absence of tongue
    • Hemiglossia- one half of the anterior
    third is suppressed due to non
    appearance of lingual swelling on
    affected side
    • Tongue tie- ankyloglossia, due to the
    shortening of frenulum linguae, Ankyloglossia
    produces disturbances of speech
    • Thyroglossal cyst- remnants of
    thyroglossal duct persist and forms
    median cystic swelling
    • Lingual thyroid- median thyroid
    rudiment fails to grow caudally and
    persists within the substance of tongue
    Lingual
    thyroid
    Clinical application
    • Laceration of the Tongue: commonly associated with
    accidental bites during eating, anaesthesia and epileptic
    attacks.
    Summary
    • General introduction
    • Development
    • Congenital anomaly
    • Muscles
    • Innervation
    • Blood supply and lymphatic drainage
    • Clinical application
    Reference
    • Gray’s anatomy for students, 2nd edition.
    • Langman’s Medical Embryology, 11th edition.
    • Clinical anatomy by snells, 9th edition.

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