Chapter 5 - Tourism Impacts On Culture and Society

TOURISM IMPACTS
ON CULTURE AND
SOCIETY
CHAPTER 5
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 Explain what culture is
 Identify culture’s various components
 Enumerate the positive and negative
impacts of tourism on culture and

society
 Discuss the determinants of tourism’s
impacts on culture and society

CULTURE AND ITS
COMPONENTS
Culture – set of distinctive spiritual,
material, intellectual and emotional
features of society or a social group,
that encompasses, not only art and
literature, but lifestyles, ways of
living together, value systems,
traditions and beliefs (UNESCO,
2009).
CULTURE IMPACTS ON ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
 Cultural assets can support

sustainable local development,
through their economic impact as
cultural industries and their
contribution to social and cultural
revitalization.
 Culture offers opportunities for
various sectors to participate in
activities that contribute to gender
equality, self-esteem, and social
CULTURE AND ITS
COMPONENTS
Domains of tangible cultural heritage
category:
 Cultural and natural heritage
 Performance and celebration
 Visual arts and crafts
 Books and press
 Audio-visual and interactive media
 Design and creative services

CULTURE AND ITS
COMPONENTS
Aspects of culture that are
significantly affected by tourism
development:
 Cultural and natural heritage
 Cultural landscapes
 Natural heritage
 Performance and celebration
 Visual arts
 Crafts of artisanal products

WHAT IS INTANGIBLE CULTURAL
HERITAGE?
 Practices, representations, expressions,

knowledge, skills – as well as the
instruments, objects, artifacts, and
cultural spaces associated therewith – that
communities, groups and, in some cases,
individuals recognized as part of their
cultural heritage.
 Transmitted from generation to generation
and constantly recreated by communities
and groups in response to their
environment, their interaction with nature
and their history, and provides them with
WHAT IS INTANGIBLE CULTURAL
HERITAGE?
 Its unique feature is that it can only

be defined as such when a
community recognizes it as part of
its heritage.
Framework for Cultural Statistics

identifies tourism with cultural
dimensions as CULTURAL TOURISM,
SPIRITUAL TOURISM, and ECO-
TOURISM activities.
WHAT IS CULTURAL
TOURISM?
 Customized excursions into
other cultures and places to
learn about their people,
lifestyle, heritage, and arts in an
informed way that genuinely
represents their values and
historical context including the
experiencing of the difference.
CULTURE AND ITS
COMPONENTS
Sometimes, a sport is linked to a
country’s cultural identity. Ex.
Japan’s summo wrestling
Recreation – an activity undertaken for
pleasure or relaxation that diverts,
amuses, or stimulates.
Gambling (Gaming) – consists of units
engage mainly in providing gambling
services.
INTANGIBLE CULTURAL
HERITAGE
Tourism plays a part in practically all
stages of cultural cycle:
 Creation – the originating and
authoring of ideas and content. Ex.
Tourguide’s interpretation of cultural
sites
 Production – the reproducible cultural
forms as well as the specialist tools,

infrastructure, and processes used in
the realization. Ex. Festivals, design
INTANGIBLE CULTURAL
HERITAGE
 Dissemination – the bringing of generally
mass-produced cultural products to
consumers and exhibitors. Ex. Promotion
of cultural destinations and festivals
 Exhibition / Reception / Transmission – the
place of consumption and to the provision
of live and/or unmediated cultural
experiences to audiences by granting or
selling access to consume / participate in
time-based cultural activities. Ex. Festival
organization and production, opera houses
INTANGIBLE CULTURAL
HERITAGE
 Consumption / Participation – the
activities of audiences and
participants in consuming
cultural products and taking part
in cultural activities and
experiences. Ex. Participating in
festivals
DRIVERS OF IMPACTS OF
TOURISM ON CULTURE
 Culture is diffused across countries by
tourists, who act as agents of cultural
change. International tourism brings new
foods, technologies, fashion, sports,
entertainment, language, religion, and
many other aspects of our daily lives.
 Tourism is also induced by films and TV
series, particularly those originating

from Korea.
TYPES OF IMPACTS
 Objective impact (ex. change in
crime incidents as reported to the
police)
 Perceived impact (ex. Residents’
evaluation of their quality of life

because of tourism)
Quality of Life (QOL) – general

perceived satisfaction with well-
being of individuals and societies
POSITIVE IMPACTS
 Emotional well-being of residents
 Cultural preservation
 Education
 Better Quality of Life
 Empowerment
Negative Impacts
 Stunted Cultural Development
(Demonstration effect)
 Commodification / Commercialization of
Culture
 Moral decadence
 Social Divisions
 Displacement (Social)
 Community Stress
 Dependence
DETERMINANTS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL
IMPACTS
 Balance between people’s perceived

benefits and costs (altruistic surplus
principle)
 Cultural distance / affinity between the
tourists and the locals

 The stage in the tourism product life
cycle
 Place attachment
 Social carrying capacity

IMPACTS
 Strength of local society

 Level of economic development of the
host population in relation to the tourists

 The measures taken by public authorities
 Degree of participation by local people in
decision-making process
 Tourism saturated communities – residents
tend to perceive tourism negatively and
desire less future development
IMPACTS
 Tourism realized communities are

ambivalent toward tourism
development, they enjoy benefits but
fear becoming tourism-saturated
 Tourism-hungry communities (low level
of tourism development) desire to
become tourism-realized, indicating a
high perceived importance of tourism,
high desire for future development, and
low negative perception
IMPACTS
 Types of tourists that regularly

visit a destination
 Spatial concentration
 Enclave tourism – permits cultural

interactions between the tourist
and the local people working and
living in the enclave
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TOURISM IMPACTS

 Enumerate the positive and negative

impacts of tourism on culture and

impacts on culture and society

 Cultural assets can support

 Performance and celebration

 Visual arts and crafts

 Books and press

 Audio-visual and interactive media

 Design and creative services

 Performance and celebration

 Crafts of artisanal products

 Practices, representations, expressions,

 Its unique feature is that it can only

Framework for Cultural Statistics

forms as well as the specialist tools,

series, particularly those originating

evaluation of their quality of life

Quality of Life (QOL) – general

 Better Quality of Life

 Balance between people’s perceived

tourists and the locals

 Social carrying capacity

 Strength of local society

host population in relation to the tourists

 Degree of participation by local people in

 Tourism realized communities are

 Types of tourists that regularly

 Enclave tourism – permits cultural

Share your travel experiences in

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