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    Sedimentary Rocks

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    robjmnz717
    Sedimentary rocks are formed through lithification of particles or chemically. They are classified as detrital or chemical based on their formation. Detrital rocks like conglomerate, sandstone and shale are classified by particle size, while chemical rocks like limestone and coal are grouped by their composition. Key properties like sorting, fissility and cementation determine the type of sedimentary rock.

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    Sedimentary Rocks

    Uploaded by

    robjmnz717
    182 views29 pages
    Sedimentary rocks are formed through lithification of particles or chemically. They are classified as detrital or chemical based on their formation. Detrital rocks like conglomerate, sandstone and shale are classified by particle size, while chemical rocks like limestone and coal are grouped by their composition. Key properties like sorting, fissility and cementation determine the type of sedimentary rock.

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    Sedimentary rocks are formed through lithification of particles or chemically. They are classified as detrital or chemical based on their formation. Detrital rocks like conglomerate, sandstone and shale are classified by particle size, while chemical rocks like limestone and coal are grouped by their composition. Key properties like sorting, fissility and cementation determine the type of sedimentary rock.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    182 views29 pages

    Sedimentary Rocks

    Uploaded by

    robjmnz717
    Sedimentary rocks are formed through lithification of particles or chemically. They are classified as detrital or chemical based on their formation. Detrital rocks like conglomerate, sandstone and shale are classified by particle size, while chemical rocks like limestone and coal are grouped by their composition. Key properties like sorting, fissility and cementation determine the type of sedimentary rock.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    Sedimentary rocks - lithification

    Sedimentary rocks are formed through


    lithification. Shown in (A) are
    unconsolidated particles. When
    subjected to lithification, they become
    sedimentary rock shown in (B).
    Classification of sedimentary rocks

    Detrital
    Sedimentary
    rocks
    Chemical

    Sedimentary rocks are primarily grouped into two main types according to
    how they were formed. Detrital sedimentary rocks were formed through
    physical means (pressure) while chemical sedimentary rocks were
    chemically formed.
    Detrital sedimentary rocks – fissility

    Fissility refers to the property of detrital sedimentary rocks that enables


    them to be split into thin sheets.

    home
    Detrital sedimentary rocks – sorting
    The particles that make up detrital
    sedimentary rocks undergo sorting.
    Rocks upstream tend to be angular and
    poorly sorted while rocks downstream
    are rounded and well sorted.

    home
    Classification of sedimentary rocks

    Detrital rocks are classified according to the size of Coarse


    their particles.
    (>2mm)

    Medium (1/16
    to 2mm)
    Detrital
    Sedimentary Fine (1/16 to
    rocks 1/256mm)
    Chemical
    Very fine (less
    than 1/256
    mm)

    home
    Classification of sedimentary rocks home

    Conglomerate
    (Rounded
    Coarse particles)
    Gravel
    (>2mm) Breccia
    (Angular
    particles)
    Quartz
    sandstone
    Medium (1/16 (little feldspar)
    to 2mm) Sand
    Arkose
    (abundant
    feldspar)

    Fine (1/16 to
    Mud Siltstone
    1/256mm)

    Very fine (less


    than 1/256 Mud Shale
    mm)
    Classification of sedimentary rocks

    Calcite,
    CaCO3

    Quartz,
    Detrital
    Sedimentary SiO2
    rocks
    Gypsum,
    Chemical
    CaSO4

    Halite, NaCl
    Chemical sedimentary rocks are classified
    according to their predominant component. Plant
    fragments

    home
    Classification of sedimentary rocks
    Crystalline
    limestone
    Nonclastic: fine to
    Inorganic limestone
    coarse crystalline

    Travertine

    Calcite, CaCO33 Clastic: visible shell


    fragments loosely Coquina
    cemented

    Clastic: various size


    Biochemical coral fragments Fossiliferous
    limestone cemented with limestone
    calcite

    Clastic: Microscopic
    Calcite rocks are grouped according to how shells and clay Chalk
    they were formed (inorganic or via
    biochemical processes). Inorganic
    limestones are described as nonclastic
    which means that they are not made of
    particles. Biochemical limestones on the
    other hand, are made of particles and so
    are clastic. home
    Classification of sedimentary rocks

    Chert
    Nonclastic: (light colored)
    Quartz, SiO2 very fine
    crystalline Flint
    (dark colored)

    Gypsum, Nonclastic:
    fine to coarse Rock gypsum
    CaSO4 crystalline
    Nonclastic:
    Halite, NaCl Fine to coarse Rock Salt
    crystalline
    Nonclastic:
    Plant Bituminous
    Fine-grained
    fragments coal
    organic matter

    Sedimentary rocks, environments and structures


    Conglomerate (detrital, gravel, rounded particles)

    home
    Breccia (detrital, gravel, angular particles)

    home
    Quartz sandstone (detrital, sand, mostly quartz)

    home
    Arkose (detrital, sand, abundant felspar)

    home
    Siltstone (detrital, fine-sized particles, mud)

    home
    Shale (detrital, very fine particles, mud, may contain fossils)

    home
    Crystalline limestone (chemical, nonclastic, fine to coarse
    crystalline)

    home
    Travertine (chemical, nonclastic, fine to coarse, cavewaters)

    home
    Coquina (chemical, clastic, shell fragments, loosely
    cemented)

    home
    Fossiliferous limestone (chemical, clastic, coral fragments,
    calcite cement)

    Fossiliferous limestone are made of coral reef


    fragments cemented strongly by calcite.

    home
    Chalk (chemical, clastic, microscopic shells and clay)

    home
    Chert (chemical, nonclastic, quartz, light colored)

    home
    Flint (chemical, nonclastic, quartz, dark colored)

    home
    Rock gypsum (chemical, nonclastic, CaSO 4)

    home
    Rock salt (chemical, nonclastic, NaCl, evaporite)

    home
    Rock salt (chemical, nonclastic, NaCl, evaporite)

    Halites are known as evaporites because


    they are formed through the evaporation
    of water from chemically-concentrated
    solutions.

    home
    Coal (chemical, nonclastic, home
    plant remains)

    Coal exists in many forms. The first form is peat which is still impure and damp
    (and hence contains a low amount of stored energy). Peat that has undergone
    burial and pressure becomes lignite or bituminous coal (which is now more
    concentrated and hence has more energy). Anthracite is the metamorphic form of
    coal which is formed after intense pressure and heat.
    Peat

    home
    Lignite or bituminous coal home
    Bituminous coal can be metamorphosed into anthracite

    home

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