NPTI

POWER SCENARIO
IN
INDIA

ANIL KUMAR
 POWER SCENARIO

 POWER or ELECTRICITY critical infrastructural

component for multidimensional growth and basic
human need

 Reliable and quality power at competitive rates to

Indian industry - important for global competition.

 Clean and Green Sustainable Power – need of the day.

 Energy Security
EVOLUTION OF POWER SECTOR
 POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW

 Electricity- ‘Concurrent Subject’ : joint

responsibility of State and Central
Governments.
 Bulk of transmission and distribution
functions with State Utilities.
 Private sector - small presence in
Distribution and making entry into
Transmission.
 POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW

 Conventional Generation - blend of thermal, hydro

and nuclear sources.
 Coal based thermal power plants and in some regions
hydro power plants - mainstay of electricity
generation.
 Oil, natural gas and nuclear power accounts for
smaller proportion of power.
 Emphasis also on non-conventional energy sources i.e.
solar, wind, biogas and tidal.
 Captive power plants being encouraged to supply
surplus power to Grid.
GROWTH OF INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY IN
INDIA
(figs. in MW)

2,24,907 *
Thermal Nuclear
Hydro Renewable

1,32,329
1,24,287
1,18,426
1,07,877
1,05,046
81,171
63,636
42,585
28,448
16,664
9,027
4,653
2,695
1,362

'47 '55 '61 '66 '74 '80 '85 '90 '95 '02 '03 '04 '06 '07 '12
(Projeced)
* includes Likely capacity Addition of 14000
Source: CEA MW from Renewables during 11th plan
period
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY
AUTHORITY COUNTRY’S SHARE OF COAL IN
MINISTRY OF POWER
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
TOTAL POWER GENERATION AND
INSTALLED CAPACITY OVER YEARS

% of Coal based
73 Capacity in Total
71
69 68 Generating Capacity

Share % of Coal based

in % Generation in Total
(app.) Generation
61
59
57 53

2000 2003 2005 2008

Year
 ALL INDIA PLF (%) OF THERMAL POWER STATIONS
(COAL AND LIGNITE BASED)

Source: CEA
 MAJOR LEGISLATIVE / POLICY INITIATIVES OF
GOVERNMENT
 1998- Electricity Regulatory Commission Act

 1998 - Electricity Laws (Amendment) Act

 2001- Electricity Conservation Act

 2003- Electricity Act

 February ,2005- National Electricity Policy

 January 2006- National Tariff Policy

 August 23, 2006 - Rural Electrification Policy

 August 2006- Integrated Energy Policy.

 January 2007- Report submitted by Working Group on Power for 11th Plan
constituted by Planning Commission.

 August,2007 - National Electricity Plan notified.

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY – THE WAY FORWARD

 Access to electricity for all households in next 5

years.
 Availability of power on demand to be fully met
by 2012
 Energy shortage and peaking shortage to be
overcome by providing adequate spinning
reserves
 Reliability and quality of power to be supplied
in efficient manner .
 Electricity Sector to achieve financial
turnaround and commercial viability
 Consumers’ interests to be accorded top priority.
 NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE
PARTICIPATION

 Competition encouraged - to bring significant benefit to

consumers

 Guidelines for competitive bidding issued by Government in

January,2005.

 Role of private participation in generation, transmission and

distribution to become increasingly critical in view of rapidly
growing investment needs.

 Central and State Governments to develop workable and

successful models for public private partnership.

 Special mechanisms to be created to encourage private investment

in transmission sector
 NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE
PARTICIPATION

 Private Sector participation in distribution encouraged for

achieving requisite reduction in T&D losses and improving
quality of service to consumer

 Multi Year tariff framework- important structural incentive to

minimize risks for utilities and consumers, promote efficiency
and rapid reduction of system losses.

 Competition through concept of multiple licensees in same

area through their independent distribution system
 OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

 Electricity Act & National Electricity Policy mandates

non-discriminatory open access in transmission and, in
phases in distribution.
 Respective State Regulatory Commissions to
facilitative framework for open access.
 Well planned and strong transmission and distribution
system to ensure optimal utilization of transmission
capacities
 Would facilitate achieving objective of cost effective
delivery of power.
 Distribution reform - key to long term sustainability of
the power sector.
PRESENT POWER SCENARIO
INSTALLED CAPACITY IN THE
COUNTRY (as on 31 August, 2008)
st

R.E.S.,
NUCLEAR 12195 HYDRO,
4120 8.4% 36198,
2.8% 24.8%

THERMAL
93115
64%

TOTAL IC-1,45,627 MW
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY
AUTHORITY
MINISTRY OF POWER
EVOLUTION OF UNIT SIZE OF
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
COAL BASED POWER PLANTS

 Largest unit size in 1950-30 MW

 First re-heat unit of 82.5 MW in 1966 at
Bandel TPS
 First 200 MW unit at Obra TPS in 1977
 First 500 MW unit at Trombay in 1984
 Committee constituted by CEA
recommended 800 to 1000 MW unit size in
future
 In 11th Plan 800/660 MW units planned
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY
AUTHORITY
MINISTRY OF POWER
PREVAILING UNIT SIZES IN
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
INDIA
Unit Size MS. Pr MS/RH Gross
Temp Efficiency
(HHV )
kg/cm2 oC (%)
30-50 60 482 ~31
60-100 90 535 32-33
110/120/140 130 535/535 35-36
210 150 535/535 37.8
250 150 535/535 38.4
500 170 538/538 38.6
210/250 & 500 MW Units Constitute Over 80% of the Total
Capacity
 Details of IC of renewable
energy sources
(As on 31.03.2008)

Sources / Systems Installed Capacity ( MW)

Wind Power 7666.84

Biomass Power & 1325.63
Biomass Gasifiers

Small Hydro Power 2034.07

Solar power & others 87.87
Total 11,125.41
 TRANSMISSION & NATIONAL GRID

 Development in a phased manner – commensurate with

generation / load growth.
 Economy in generation through efficient transmission
 Conservation of Right-of-Way
 In forest areas with rich flora & fauna, construction of
lines with high towers / high voltage rating – leading
to reduced forest cutting.
 High capacity lines (HVDC & 765 kV)
 EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC GRID

National
Grid

Interconnecting Shift from

Regional Grids Regional Grids
with ATS of Regional self
with HVDC
Central sufficiency
Generation concept to
State 1990s National level
Grids by 1970-80s Planning
SEBs
2000 onwards
1950-60’s Towards National Grid System
Local
1950’s
 BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID
Encourage Competition and Choice by facilitating electricity
trade

1129 % increase in number of 82% increase in volume of energy

approved transactions in Short-term traded in Short-term Open Access at
Open Access at Inter State level Inter State level
35000

30000
30000

25000
22526 23134

Energy in Millon Units

20000
16441

15000

10000

5000

0
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Energy Traded

(Contd. ….)
 BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID (Contd. ….)

Security and Reliability enhanced by reduction in number of grid

disturbances

Grid Disturbances
100

80 74

60 53
Nos.

40
20 7
3 4 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Year Minor Major
 Development of Transmission
Voltages Levels
 132 kV Highest level at the time of
Independence
 Iintroduction of 220 kV in 1960
 400 kV in 1977
 HVDC back-to-back link in 1989,
 500kV, HVDC bi-pole line in 1990
 765 kV transmission line from 2000
onwards.
GROWTH OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINKS

Cumulative HT Lines 220 KV and above (in ckm)

293,210

197,927 209,072
150,477
119,290

1997 2002 2007 2008 ( upto 2012 (proj.)

Feb )

Source: CEA
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA
Growth Pattern

kWh/year 1000

672 704
613 632
559
348
176

1980- 1990- 2000- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2011-

81 91 01 05 06 07 08 12
(Projected)
As per UN Methodology (Gross Electrical Energy Availability /
Source: CEA Population)
 STATUS OF POWER SECTOR

 Country facing energy shortage of 9.8% and

peak shortage of 16.6% (2007-08).
 As per Census 2001, only about 56% of
households have access to electricity, with rural
access being 44% and urban access about
82%.
 Annual per capita consumption about 704 kWh
as against world average of about ~2400 KWh.
ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF
THE COUNTRY (2007-08)

Peak (MW) Energy (MU)

Requirement 1,08,886 7,37,052

Availability 90,793 6,64,660

(-)Shortage/ (-)18,093 (-)72,392

(+)Surplus

(%) (-)16.6 (-)9.8

 ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF
THE COUNTRY (April,08-August,08)

Peak (MW) Energy (MU)

Requirement 1,06,922 3,18,813

Availability 91,363 2,84,861

(-)Shortage/ (-) 15,559 (-)33,952

(+)Surplus
(%) (-) 14.6 (-) 10.6
 CAPTIVE POWER
 National Electricity Policy stipulates liberal
provisions for setting up captive power plants
 Installed Capacity if Captive plants- 22,335 MW
(10th Plan end)

 Open Access to be made effective

 Efforts underway to resolve crucial issues, which
are
– Cess on captive power generation not to be imposed.

– Wheeling charges for transfer of surplus power may not exceed

7% of the generation cost within the state.
 Captive Power
• Very high electricity duty imposed on captive power
generation by some states.

• Very high cross subsidies surcharge levied by some

state. To be brought down

• Fixation of reasonable tariff by State Regulatory

Commission for surplus power available from CPPs.

• To make available additional fuel required by CPPs

• SERC’s to promote arrangements between co-

generator and concerned distribution licensee for
purchase of surplus power from cogeneration plants.
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR

 Inadequate power generation capacity

 Lack of optimum utilization of the existing
generation capacity
 Inadequate inter-regional transmission
links
 Inadequate and ageing sub-transmission
& distribution network

Cont..
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR
 High T&D losses, large scale theft and skewed
tariff structure
 Slow pace of rural electrification
 Inefficient use of electricity by end consumer
 Lack of grid discipline
CAPACITY ADDITION PLANNING
FOR 11 AND 12 PLAN
TH TH
 10TH PLAN –TARGET AND ACTUAL
CAPACITY ADDITION
(MW)

 Original Target 41,110

 Capacity Slipped / Dropped 21,281

 Net Capacity Addition from Original Target 19,829

 Additional Projects identified during the Plan 8,320

 Capacity Slipping from additional projects 6,969

 Net Capacity Addition from additional Projects 1,351

Net Capacity added during 10 TH Plan 21,180*

6
* Thermal -12,114 MW, Hydro – 7,886 MW, Nuclear – 1180 MW
 MAJOR REASONS FOR SLIPPAGES FROM 10th PLAN (MW)
Original Plan Additional
Projects-
S.No Major Reasons for Slippage Thermal Nuclear Hydro Thermal
1 Delay in supplies/erection by suppliers/ contractors 2670 220 679 3350
2 Delay in tie-up super critical technology by BHEL (one
unit at Sipat and one at Kahalgaon were replaced by 500 3960
MW units)
3 Non-availability of Gas 1713 1450
4 Delay in award of works mainly in state sector/NLC 1423 222 835
Projects not taken up/Escrow cover not given/financial
5 5278 23
closure not achieved/funds not tied up
6 Delay in clearance/investment decision (Hydro projects) 2391
Hydro Project - delay in environmental clearance,
7 geological surprises, natural calamities, R&R issues, 3155
delay in signing of MoU, Court Cases
8 Law & Order Problems 500 60
Nuclear projects included on best effort basis(otherwise
9 1220
scheduled for XI plan)
10 Adjustment due to change of size - 990 91
Total 14554 220 6507 6969*

Total slippage: 21,281MW

* Out of a total additional capacity of 8320 MW identified during Mid –Term Review
 Major Steps of Integrated approach
 Capacity Addition from Conventional fuel based
plants complemented by Renewable Energy based
plants to extent possible.
 National Electricity Plan based on Conventional
Energy Sources with priority to Hydro and Nuclear
plants
 Strategies/ Initiatives being taken/ required to be
taken for low carbon growth i.e. Introduction of Clean
Coal Technologies (Supercritical Technology, Ultra
supercritical technology, IGCC),
 Other measures to reduce pollution i.e. Reduction in
T&D losses, R&M of Old thermal power projects,
Retirement of old and small size generating units,
Coal quality improvement
 POWER GENERATION
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY

POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY

AUTHORITY
MINISTRY OF POWER
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
- STRATEGY
 Large emphasis on hydro development.
Constraints restricting progress are large gestation
period, high capital cost, Issues such as R&R, law &
order etc. New Hydro Policy to encourage private
participation in hydro power generation.
 Limited dependability on gas based capacity -
Availability of gas at reasonable rates being a
constraint for gas based projects. During 11th Plan
only about 6,843 MW gas based capacity envisaged.
 Active steps to harness Nuclear energy on a
larger scale being taken but contribution minor as yet.
 Renewables.
 POWER
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY

POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY

AUTHORITY
MINISTRY OF POWER

GENERATION - STRATEGY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

 Renewable energy sources to be made

economically viable- At present can play
dominant role in meeting remote located
demands where not economic to extend the
grid.
 Coal based power projects expected to be main
stay of Indian Power Sector for next 50-70
years. Continuous efforts directed at generating
maximum energy from each tonne of coal with
minimum effect on environment
Development of Hydro Power projects

Plan Period Hydro Capacity Total Hydro Capacity

Addition (MW) at the end of plan
(MW)
11th Plan (2007-08 to 15627 50280
2011 - 12)

12th Plan (2012-13 to 30000 80280

2016-17)

13th Plan (2017 - 18 31000 111280

to 2021-22)

14th Plan (2022-23 to 36494 147774

2026 - 27)
 DEMAND AND CAPACITY REQUIREMENT

Year Energy Peak Demand Proposed Capacity Generation

Requirement (MW) Addition during 5 growth rate
(BU) year plan (MW) (CAGR)

2011-12 1038 1,52,000 77,070* 9.5% (over

( 11th Plan) 2006-07)

2016-17 1470 2,18,209 94,000 7.4% (over

2011-12)
(12th Plan)

* Feasible capacity as per latest assessment

CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETTED FOR 11th
PLAN (SECTORWISE)

15,043 MW
(19%)
PVT SECTOR

STATE SECTOR CENTRAL SECTOR

36,874 MW
26,783 MW
47%
(34%) Total 78,700 MW
 FEASIBLE CAPACITY ADDITION FOR
11th PLAN – 77,070* MW

NUCLEAR, HYDRO,
3,380MW, 4.3% 15,507MW,
20.2%

THERMAL,
58,183MW,
75.5%

Thermal – 58,183 MW
( Coal – 48,609 MW, Gas- 7,293 MW, Lignite- 2,280 MW)
Additional capacity expected : New Renewables – 14,000 MW
: Captive – 12,000 MW
* Feasible capacity as per latest assessment
 11TH PLAN TARGET AND STATUS
 10th Plan capacity addition only 21,180 MW. About 11,000 MW
slippages due to causes attributable to equipment suppliers and
contractors.

 11th Plan – 77,070 MW

 - 11,404 MW capacity already commissioned (Till date)
 - 65,666 MW (83%) under construction
- 85% hydro capacity under construction
- Coal Linkage available for 96% of projects

 - All gas based projects under execution or gas tied up

from local sources

 Additional 3,720 MW thermal projects under best effort

category.

 Additional 13,000 MW gas based projects if gas available at

reasonable price
 INTERNATIONAL CONCLAVE ON KEY INPUTS

 On 4th-5th July,2007 organized by

CBIP/MoP/CEA.

 Purpose-To discuss issues to be addressed to

ensure timely Implementation of projects
during 11th Plan and beyond .
MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO
BE ADDRESSED
 Manufacturing Capability/ Availability of
Main Plant and
Balance Of Plant Equipment
 Constraints in supply of main equipment for
thermal capacity as well as in supply of balance
of plant like Coal Handling plant, Water
treatment plants, Ash Handling, CW Pumps etc.
 Need to develop additional domestic players to
adequately meet additional demand and
promote competition.
MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO
BE ADDRESSED
 Construction and Erection Agencies &
Equipment
 Augmentation required in number of construction agencies
undertaking Civil & E&M works at power plants - Limited
contractors in erection of cooling towers, Chimneys ,
tunneling, dam construction etc.
 Serious efforts needed by major power companies to
develop vendors for supply and erection of equipment and
for taking up civil construction.
 New technologies and Use of latest construction machinery
for hydro projects required for fast progress in construction.
MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO
BE ADDRESSED
 Fuel Availability
 Requirement of coal for 11th Plan – 550 MT; 40 MT equivalent of 68 MT
of Indian coal to be imported
 Requirement of gas (90% PLF) – 89 MMSCMD; Availability at present-
36 MMSCMD; gas not sufficient
• Transportation for fuel and equipment
 Establishment of new rail links for coal evacuation from coal mining
blocks
 Railways, Coal , MoP to formulate Fuel Supply Transport Agreement
MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO
BE ADDRESSED
 Transmission & Distribution Equipment
 Need for capacity building for transmission and distribution system
including supply of equipment and execution of works - Substantial
augmentation in manufacturing capacity of transformers; Need for
indigenous manufacturing capacity for 765 KV voltage level equipment,
increasing test facilities, online test facilities and mobile repair facilities.
 Strengthening of erection and commissioning teams and development of
new vendors
 Increase in demand of CRGO
 Shortage of indigenous materials and Equipment viz. meters, single
phase distribution transformers and switchgears, OLTC and bushings.
 Franchisees to be developed in rural areas and local community to be
trained.
 More agencies required for turnkey execution of projects.
 Installation of LT Capacitors to be speeded up.
MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO
BE ADDRESSED
 Critical Key Inputs
 To encourage domestic steel producers for production of CRGO
 Advanced planning for material to be imported
 CRGO to be exempt from custom duty
 Detailed analysis by Planning Commission to assess requirement of
various key input considering requirement of all sectors of economy
• Manpower Development & Training
 CEA has taken up with project developers and major EPC contractors to
adopt ITI in vicinity of projects to build up skilled manpower pool for
Power Sector to be utilized by them.
 Quick implementation of National Training Policy’s recommendation -
allocation of separate funds of 1.5% of salary budget - gradually
increase to 5% for meeting training needs
 Man power requirement during 11th Plan is 1 Million for Construction
and O& M
MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO
BE ADDRESSED
 Delays in clearances
 Testing facilities to be increased and CPRI to play a proactive
role
 R&D
 Power Utilities as well as manufacturing units to enhance budget
allocation for R&D
 To attract young talent
 11th Plan tentative targets for grid
interactive renewable power
(Figures in MW)

Sources / Systems Target for 11th

plan
Wind Power 10,500
Biomass Power Baggasse Co- 2,100
generation
Biomass Gasifiers
Small Hydro (up to 25 MW) 1400
Total 14,000
Targets for 12th Plan likely to be at least 14,000 MW
 Village Electrification
 Number of villages electrified increased
from 3061 in 1950 to about 4,88,655 in
2008 (as on 31.07.08, 82.3% village
electrification).
 Renewable Energy Sources during 12th
Plan

Capacity addition during 12th Plan expected to

be more than 11th Plan due to incentives by
MNRE for setting up of Solar and Wind power
plants
 Considering at least 14,000 MW during 12th
Plan also, by 12th Plan end about 38,000 MW
Renewable power expected.
 Assuming PLF of 20 %, generation about 67
BU.
 This energy considered while planning for 12th
Plan
 12th Plan Tentative Capacity Addition
 Demand as per 17th EPS – Energy Requirement – 13,92,066
BU; Peak Demand- 2,18,209 MW
 Spinning Reserve – 5% as per National Electricity Policy.
Capacity corresponding to 3000 MW and 1600 MW also worked
out
 25,000 MW Hydro and 8,500 MW Nuclear as must run stations.
 As result of studies 12th Plan total Generating capacity 94,431
which includes 61,171 MW thermal.(28,190 MW PH, 15,495 MW
LC, 14,800 MW Coastal)
 Capacity with 1600 MW S.R.- 81,570 MW; 3000MW S.R. –
82,970 MW
 Fuel consumption(2016-17) – Coal 815 MT, Lignite 60 MT
 All India Studies for 5% S.R: LOLP – 0.18%; ENS – 0.00%
(Norms – LOLP-1% & ENS- 0.15%)
 13th Plan Tentative Capacity
Expansion
ASSUMPTIONS
 17th EPS Demand – Energy Requirement- 19,14,508
MU; Peak Demand- 2,98,253 MW
 Spinning Reserve - 5% .
 Beginning of 13th Plan 37,014 MW Coal & Lignite
based capacity more than 27 yrs old. (5,634 MW capacity
upto 100 MW unit size and 31,380 MW capacity greater than 100 MW unit
size)
 Studies indicate 13th Plan capacity addition-1,05,060
MW (Hydro-34,500 MW, Nuclear -8,000 MW, Thermal -
62,560 MW including 6000 MW gas)
 LOLP-0.18 % and ENS-0.007 %, Reliability Criteria
met.
STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN
AND
GREEN ENVIRONMENT
 Existing status of CO2 per capita
emission – different countries

Per capita CO2 emission in 2004

Country (tonnes/MWhr of CO2)
India 1.2
USA 20.6
Australia 16.2
U.K 9.8
Japan 9.9
China 3.8
World 4.5
UNDP Human Development report 2007/08
 Strategies/ Initiatives for GHG
Mitigation
 Clean Coal technologies
 Supercritical Technology – 2% efficiency gain possible
 Ultra Supercritical Technology –additional efficiency 0.75%
over 800 MW supercritical
 Integrated Gasification Technology – higher efficiency of
40-45%
• Reduction in T & D losses – All India T&D losses-
28.65% in 2006-07. Aim to bring down to 15%
• R & M of old thermal power stations – Benefits
of CDM to be extended to overcome fund
constraints
• Energy Efficiency improvement
 TECHNOLOGIES USED AT
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY
AUTHORITY

COMBUSTION STAGE
MINISTRY OF POWER
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Clean coal technologies( CCT) – have pollution

abatement in energy conversion process so
external environmental control equipments not
required
 Adoption of Supercritical technology
 Ultra supercritical (USC) and advanced USC
technology
 Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion ( CFBC)
 Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC)
 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
 In-Situ gasification
 Low NOx burners
 Oxy-fuel combustion
 UNIT-WISE DETAILS OF I.C (coal +
lignite)( as on 31/3/2007)

UNIT SIZE NO. OF CAPACITY(MW DESIGN Actual

IN MW UNITS ) EFFICIENCY(% Operating
) Efficiency(
%)
Upto 100 95 5634 28.2 to 31.3

>100 & 73 8440 34.4

upto 199
200/210 157 33,580 35.6 to
37.04
250 17 4,250 38.3
 Sub-critical units in 10th, 11th , 12th,
13th & 14th Plans
600 500 MW 250/3 200/2 125/13 Total
MW (nos) 00/33 10 MW 5 MW Subcritica
(nos) 0 MW (nos) (nos) l MW
(nos)
10TH Plan 0 11 7 9 4 9620

11TH Plan 8 42 62 6 14 45470

12th Plan 7 20 12 0 2 18270

13TH Plan 0 8 0 0 0 4000

14th Plan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Super-critical units in 10th , 11th , 12th
, 13th & 14th Plans
Total Sub 660 MW 800 MW Total Total
critical (nos) (nos) Super MW
MW critical MW

10TH 9620 0 0 0 9620

Plan
11TH 45470 7 1 5420 50890
Plan
12th Plan 18270 25 33 42,900 61,170

13TH 4000 36 36 52,560 56,560

Plan
14th Plan 0 45 52 71,300 71,300
Comparison of Sub-critical/Super critical
Capacity In Various Plans (MW)
80000
71300
70000
60000 52560

50000 45470
42900

40000
30000
18270
20000
9620
10000 5420 4000
0 0
0
10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan 13th Plan 14th Plan

Sub-Critical Super Critical

ALL INDIA EFFICIENCY AND EMISSION
RATES
 All India thermal efficiency – 32.44% (2006-07)
(coal & lignite based plants)
 Present weighted average CO2 emission rate (t CO2
/MWh) (including imports) : 0.80 (2006-07)
 Likely Coal Based Capacity Addition & Expected Emission
End of Coal Cumulati Total Coal Co2 Co2 Expected Total Ash
The Based ve Gener Consumpti Emissio Emissio Ther Genera
Plan Capacit Coal ation on n n per mal tion
y Base from (MT) (MT) unit of Effici (MT)
Additio d Coal Thermal ency
n Capacity Based Generati
(MW) (MW) Plants on
(BU)
11th Plan 50240 116610 708 492 722 1.02 35.3 182

12th Plan 58485 175095 1164 785 1152 0.99 36.4 278

13th Plan 56500 231595 1542 1028 1507 0.97 36.85 363

14th Plan 72000 303595 2033 1337 1961 0.96 37.3 471
 Requirement Of Planning Process
 Data of Existing Plants
 Outage Rate, Heat Rate, Auxiliary Consumption,
Monthly Energy If Hydro Project, Coal Price
Data,Capacity (MW),Life of the plant,
Capital Cost, Executing Agency
 Candidate Projects
 Demand data
 Load Curves
 Hourly demand data of Past one Year
 Planning Models In CEA
 Integrated System Planning (ISPLAN)

 Expansion Generation Electric Analysis

System (EGEAS)

 Multysym Model
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