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    Bound and Free Morphemes

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    Eph Fur
    Words are the fundamental and most important units of language that carry meaning. Unlike sounds or sentences, words are permanent fixtures in our mental lexicons. The average high school student knows about 60,000 basic words. Other words are constructed through combining these basic words with affixes, following general rules. Morphemes are the smallest units of language that convey meaning or function. Words can be made of single or multiple morphemes. Morphemes can be free standing words or bound, only occurring attached to other morphemes. Proper analysis of words requires identifying constituent morphemes and their contributions to overall word meaning.

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    Bound and Free Morphemes

    Uploaded by

    Eph Fur
    194 views15 pages
    Words are the fundamental and most important units of language that carry meaning. Unlike sounds or sentences, words are permanent fixtures in our mental lexicons. The average high school student knows about 60,000 basic words. Other words are constructed through combining these basic words with affixes, following general rules. Morphemes are the smallest units of language that convey meaning or function. Words can be made of single or multiple morphemes. Morphemes can be free standing words or bound, only occurring attached to other morphemes. Proper analysis of words requires identifying constituent morphemes and their contributions to overall word meaning.

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    Words are the fundamental and most important units of language that carry meaning. Unlike sounds or sentences, words are permanent fixtures in our mental lexicons. The average high school student knows about 60,000 basic words. Other words are constructed through combining these basic words with affixes, following general rules. Morphemes are the smallest units of language that convey meaning or function. Words can be made of single or multiple morphemes. Morphemes can be free standing words or bound, only occurring attached to other morphemes. Proper analysis of words requires identifying constituent morphemes and their contributions to overall word meaning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    194 views15 pages

    Bound and Free Morphemes

    Uploaded by

    Eph Fur
    Words are the fundamental and most important units of language that carry meaning. Unlike sounds or sentences, words are permanent fixtures in our mental lexicons. The average high school student knows about 60,000 basic words. Other words are constructed through combining these basic words with affixes, following general rules. Morphemes are the smallest units of language that convey meaning or function. Words can be made of single or multiple morphemes. Morphemes can be free standing words or bound, only occurring attached to other morphemes. Proper analysis of words requires identifying constituent morphemes and their contributions to overall word meaning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Stephen Jay G.

    Acapulco
    Nothing is more important to language than words,

    Unlike phonemes and syllables,


    Which are simply elements of sound.
    Words carry meaning in addition to their phonological form.

    And unlike sentences,


    Which are made up as needed and then easily discarded,
    Words are deep, enduring, and permanent to the speakers mental
    dictionary.
    An average high school student knows about
    (60,000) basic words.

    e.g. hot, cold, read, fix, eat, etc.

    Other words are constructed and comprehended


    by application of general rules to these and other
    elements.
    Fix Fixed Fixable Fixation
    V Past Adj. N
    The smallest unit of language that carries information
    about a meaning or function.
    Example:
    Builder = Build (construct) + -er (noun)

    Houses = House (dwelling place) + -s (more than one)


    Some words consist of a single morpheme
    which cannot be divided into smaller parts.

    Example:
    Train = (tr + ain) or (t + rain)

    The above example does not carry information


    about its meaning or function
     Simple Words – one morpheme
     Complex Words – two or more morphemes

     Morphemes are usually arbitrary – there is no


    natural connection between their sound and
    their meaning.
    Words consisting of one or more morphemes
    One Two Three More than
    three
    and
    boy boy-s
    hunt hunt-er hunt-er-s
    act act-ive act-iv-ate re-act-iv-ate
     Free morpheme – independent words that carries a meaning.
     Bound morpheme – dependent words and occurs in combination with free
    morphemes.

    1. Inflectional bound morphemes – no change in lexical category


    e.g. -s , -est, -ing
    Example: Run + ing = Running

    2. Derivational bound morphemes – change in lexical category

    e.g. –ful, -like, -ly


    Example: beauty + ful = beautiful
    Morphemes

    Lexical Grammatical

    Free Bound Free Bound

    • Nouns • “clude” • Prep. • Inflectional


    • Verbs 1. exclude • Articles • Derivational
    • Adj 2. include • Conjunctions
    3. preclude
    • “vert” 1. at
    1. subvert 2. and
    2. invert 3. the
    3. convert 4. these, that,
    those, etc.
    In order to represent the internal structure of words. It is
    necessary not only to identify each component morpheme but
    also to classify them in terms of their contribution to the
    meaning of the larger word.

     Complex words– consisting a root morpheme + one or more


    affixes.
    Affixes – bound morphemes (don’t belong to any lexical
    category)
    V N V

    A Af V Af V Af

    modern -ize teach -er destroy -ed


    Root – core and major component of meaning
    “mono-morphemic” (nucleus of a word)
    Stem – a form to which affixes can be added
    which forms a larger base word
    Base – a word to which an affix can still be
    added either root or stem.

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