Kinds of Fabric Synthetic Fiber

Synthetic Fibres / Man-made
Fiber
What are synthetic fibers
The fibers made by human beings are called
synthetic fibers. A synthetic fiber is atype
of chain of small units joined together. Each
small unit is actually achemical substances.
manysuch small units combine to form a
large unit this is called a polymer.
Types Of Synthetic fibres
Rayon / Artificialsilk
Nylon
Polyester
Acrylic
Rayon or artificial silk
Rayon wasthe first man-made fibre from
anatural base material. Rayon is prepared
from cellulose. Rayon has silk like
appearance hence it knownas artificial
silk. Rayon is mixed with cotton to make
bed sheets or mixed with woolto make
carpets.
Characteristics: soft, cheap and
comfortable fabric absorbent; lacks
resilience; wrinkles easily. Not easy to sew
as plain cottons.
Uses: Light and medium-weight clothing;
drapery and upholstery fabrics; blankets,
throw rugs and table
Proper Care: Hand washing to dry
cleaning. Tends to shrink and stretch
unless proper chemical finish is applied
Nylon
Nylon wasfirst developed in by American
scientist, Wallace H. carthers for
DuPont de Nemours &company in America
in 1935. It is astrongest synthetic plastic
material which canbe moulded to any
shape. People believed that nylon has been
named since its products were
simultaneously launched in newYork and
London.
Characteristics: It was first developed as a
substitute for imported silk. With exceptional
strength, excellent elasticity; retains shape.
Woven fabrics feel uncomfortable in contact
with skin.
Uses: Women's stockings were the first
commercial use of nylon. Also used for clothing,
upholstery and carpet, rope, tents and fishing
line.
Proper Care: Remove oily stains before washing.
Washes easily; wash with care to maintain
whiteness. Press at low temperatures. Dry clean
only.
Uses of nylonfibre
Nylon fibre is used for fine sarees ,
thread, reel thread, ropes, fishing lines
and fishing nets, carpets, rain coat,
swimwear, parachutes, umbrellaetc.
Polyester
Alcohol and organic acids react
together to makecompounds called
esters which are polymers. These are
therefore called polyesters.
Characteristics: Strong and durable synthetic
fabric; dries quickly, with sharp pleat and
crease retention
.Uses: it is often used in pants, shirts, suits,
and bed sheets either by itself or as a blend,
because of its wrinkle-resistant property and
its ability to retain its shape
Proper Care: Can be washable or dry clean.
Remove oily stains before washing. Needs
little ironing or pressing. Use steam iron at
warm setting.
Acrylic
Acrylic fibre is commonly knownby
different trade namessuch as ‘acrilan’ ,
‘Orlon’, ‘Zefan’ . It is asynthetic wool-
like fibre with crimps.
Characteristics: Resists wrinkling;
high bulking power; wool-like
texture; very resistant to effects of
sunlight
Uses: Tailored outerwear; knitted
wear, pile fabrics, blankets and
carpets
Proper Care: Remove oily stains
before washing; washable or dry
cleanable; medium iron temperature.
Rubber
It's elasticity, toughness and flexibility is best for
making products that are used in transportation,
consumer products, industrial products and
medical sector. The many uses of synthetic
rubber are because of its following properties:
Its elasticity and water resistance
Characteristics: Stretch and
recovery rate is high. Damaged
by oils and light with
discoloration
Uses: Foundation garments for
swimwear
Proper Care: Frequent washing
in mild suds; avoid constant
overstretch at high temperature
Spandex
is a lightweight, synthetic fiber that is
used to make stretchable clothing such as
sportswear. It is made up of a long chain
polymer called polyurethane, which is
produced by reacting a polyester with a
disocyanate
Characteristics: Stretch and recovery
rate is high. Resists abrasion and
body oils with discoloration.
Uses: Foundation garments;
swimwear, surgical hose, ski pants
and other sportswear
Proper Care: May be machine
laundered with warm water. Dry on
lowest heat, shortest cycle.

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Synthetic Fibres / Man-made

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