Introduction To Functional Safety
Introduction To Functional Safety
Introduction To Functional Safety
Safety
Objective
• Objective of this course is to train the Professionals regarding Basic
Principles of Functional Safety specifically, Safety Instrumented
Systems in the Process Industry.
• Any Safety Fundamentals course/ Certification aims to establish a
group of Functional Safety engineers/experts with a common set of
knowledge according to IEC 61508, IEC 61511 etc.
During the Session
• Feel free to answer you phones but please turn it to silent!
• Feel free to ask questions at any time. But don’t expect an answer
right away.
• We will be taking short breaks to refresh
Introduction to Functional Safety
• A review of the Major Accidents
• Texas City Disaster 1947
• Bhopal 1984
• Toulouse Fertilizer Complex 2001
• BP’s Texas City Refinery Explosion (Report)
• Deep water horizon (Watch Movie)
• A list of accidents will be shared for self study
Is safety Expensive?
• There's an old saying that “if you think safety is expensive, try an
accident. Accidents cost a lot of money. And, not only in damage to
plant and in claims for injury, but also in the loss of the company's
reputation.”
Dr. Trevor Kletz
• Accidents cost more than 10x the investment in the process
• Accidents with serious impact still happen today
• Training is one way to help people become more aware and
knowledgeable about safety
Safety Definition
• According to ISO/IEC Guide 51 the term “Safety” is defined as
“Freedom from risk which is not tolerable”
What is Risk?
• According to ISO/IEC Guide 51 the term “Risk” is defined as
“Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the
severity of that harm”
Legal Status IEC 61511
• Standards are never legally binding, they are used merely for guidance
but…
• Since its release (2003) IEC 61511 is considered State-of-the-Art or Good
Engineering Practice
• State-of-the-Art means IEC 61511 is
• Technically feasible and applicable
• Organizationally possible to plan
• Economically feasible
• State-of-the-Art is a legal term in Europe and is the only thing court looks
at
• This makes it almost impossible not to comply to IEC 61511 when it comes
to safety instrumented systems
Laws and Directives
• In Europe
• Medical Directive (Deals in Medical Devices within the European Union)
• Lift Directive (Governs most passenger and goods lifts)
• Seveso II Directive (Chemical, Industrial Risk and Biotechnology)
• Machinery Directive (Concerning Machinery and certain parts of Machinery)
• ATEX Directive (Potentially explosive environment)
• PED Directive (Pressure Equipment Directive)
• In Europe
• EPA (Environment Protection Agency) Risk Management Program -40 CFR part
68
• OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Agency); Process Safety Management
Laws in Pakistan
• There is no independent legislation on occupational safety and health
issues in Pakistan. The main law, which governs these issues, is the
Chapter 3 of Factories Act, 1934. All the provinces, under this act,
have devised Factories Rules. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh have
enacted the Factories legislation in 2013 and 2016 respectively.
• Other laws could be find on the link Below:
• https://paycheck.pk/labour-laws/health-safety-at-work/occupational-
safety-and-health
Layers of Protection
Safety Integrity Level - SIL
• SIL is how we measure the performance of safety functions carried
out by safety instrumented systems
• SIL has 3 sides to story
• Process Owners
Which Safety Functions do I need and how much SIL do I need?
• Engineering Companies, System Integrators, Product developers:
How do I build SIL compliant safety devices, functions or systems?
• Process Operators:
How do I operate, maintain and repair safety functions and Systems to
maintain the identified SIL Levels?
Safety Integrity Level - SIL
• There are 4 SIL levels in IEC 61511 and IEC 61508 OH Wait!! What is a
• SIL 1,2,3 and 4 Safety Function??
OK Process is available