TSR - Ship Design Note
TSR - Ship Design Note
TSR - Ship Design Note
Light ship
The lightweight tonnage of a ship is the sum of all fixed weights, i.e. hull,
machinery, outfit and permanent equipment.
LS=WS+WM+WO
Deadweight
The difference between the displacement and the lightweight is the
deadweight tonnage which is the sum of the weight of cargo, fuel,
lubricating oil, fresh water, stores, passengers and baggage, crew and their
effects.
DWT=WC+WF+WLO+WFO+ WPAS+WLUG+WCREW+WSTORE
TEU/FEU
Container Ships are designed for stowage of containers in vertical stacks or
cells either within the hold of the vessel, on deck, or a combination of the
two. Containers are described in "FEU's" or "TEU's".
"FEU" is a forty foot long container (Forty foot Equivalent Unit)
"TEU" is a twenty foot long container. (Twenty foot Equivalent Unit )
There are six basic types of containers.
• Refrigerated containers
• dry bulk containers;
• rack containers for lumber, etc;
•automotive containers;
• livestock containers;
•collapsible containers for stowing when not in use.
Cubic Capacity
Tank ships are described in terms of oil carrying capacity. Barrel (bbl)
is the standard liquid cargo unit of measurement and one barrel
consists of 42 gallons (5.515 cubic feet, 0.156 cubic meter). One ton of
fuel oil is equivalent to 6.63 barrels.
Dry bulk cargo ships may also be described in terms of Cubic Bales or
Cubic Grain. Cubic Bales is the space available for cargo measured in
cubic feet within a ship cargo hold to the inside of the cargo battens,
on the frames and to the underside of the deck beams.
Grain cubic isthe maximum space available for the cargo within a
ship's hold in cubic meter, incorporating all volume inside the shell
plating of the hull and to the underside of the upper deck plating. Grain
Cubic occupies a larger cargo volume than the ship's Bale Cubic rating.
Tonnage Measurement
• Gross tonnage is the capacity of the
spaces in the ship's hull and of the
enclosed spaces above the deck available
for cargo, stores, fuel, passengers, and
crew.
• Net tonnage is the gross tonnage less the
spaces used for the accommodation of the
ship's master, officers, crew, and the
navigation and propulsion machinery.
International Convention on Tonnage
Measurement of Ships, 1969 (TONNAGE 69)
• Length
• This means 96 percent of the total length on the waterline, at 85 percent of the least
molded depth measured from the top of the keel, or the length from the fore side of
the stem to the axis of the rudder stock on that waterline, if that be greater
• Upper Deck
• The upper deck is the uppermost complete deck exposed to weather and sea, which
has permanent means of weathertight closing of all openings in the weather part
thereof, and below which all openings in the sides of the ship are fitted with
permanent means of weathertight closing.
• Moulded Depth
• The moulded depth is the vertical distance measured from the top of the keel to the
underside of the upper deck at side. In wood and composite ships the distance is
measured from the lower edge of the keel rabbet.
• Breadth
• The breadth is the maximum breadth of the ship, measured amidships to the
moulded line of the frame in a ship with a metal shell and to the outer surface of the
hull in a ship with a shell of any other material.
• Passenger
• A passenger is every person other than:
• (a) the master and the members of the crew or other persons
employed or engaged in any capacity on board a ship on the
business of that ship; and
• (b) a child under one year of age.
• Cargo Spaces
• Cargo spaces to be included in the computation of net tonnage are
enclosed spaces appropriated for the transport of cargo which is to
be discharged from the ship, provided that such spaces have been
included in the computation of gross tonnage. Such cargo spaces
shall be certified by permanent marking with the letters CC (cargo
compartment) to be so positioned that they are readily visible and
not to be less than 100 milimeters (4 inches) in height.
• Weathertight
• Weathertight means that in any sea conditions water will not
penetrate into the ship
• Gross Tonnage
• The gross tonnage (GT) of a ship shall be determined by the following
formula:
• GT = K1V
• where:
• V = total volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship in cubic metres
• K1 = 0.2 + 0.02 log10 V
• Regulation 4
• Net Tonnage
• The net tonnage (NT) of a ship shall be determined by the following formula:
• in which formula
• (a) the factor shall not be taken as greater than unity
Categorizing Ships
• Cargo Ships
• Ships are generally designed for a specific
reason. Cargo ships are designed to carry
specific cargo and can be distinguished by
the type of cargo they carry, especially
since the means of handling the cargo is
often highly visible.
Categorizing Ships
Cargo ships are generally one of the following types:
• Bulk Cargo such as coal, wheat, cement, grain or any
item moved in bulk quantities.
• Break bulk cargo is cargo that may be affixed to a
pallet. Palletized cargo is organized in such a way as to
facilitate the loading into the ship.
• Containerized cargo, is cargo enclosed into a
standardized shipping container.
• Liquid Cargo such as oil, molasses, chemicals are
carried in bulk in large tank ships.
• Roll on/ Roll Off specialized ships.
Categorizing Ships
• General Cargo Ships
A general cargo ship is a ship with open cargo
holds loaded vertically through hatches in
the upper deck. The holds may be divided
by intermediate decks called tween decks.
Categorizing Ships
• Container Ships
Categorizing Ships
• Barge Carrying Ships
An extension of the container ship concept is the
barge-carrying ship. In this concept, the
container is itself a floating vessel, usually about
60 feet long by about 30 feet wide, which is
loaded aboard the ship in one of two ways:
either it is lifted over the stern by a high-
capacity shipboard gantry crane, or the ship is
partially submerged so that the barges can be
floated aboard via a gate in the stern.
Categorizing Ships
• Hydrofoil
configurations can be
divided into two
general classifications,
surface piercing and
submerged foil, which Surface-Piercing (Left) & Fully-Submerged
describe how the (Right) Foil Configurations
lifting surfaces are
arranged and operate
Air Supported Vessels
• An Air Cushion
Vehicle (ACV) or
hovercraft is a craft
that is entirely
supported by air
pressure, in close
proximity to the
surface. It is suitable
for use over water or
land.
• WIG is an abbreviation of
Wing-In-Ground effect. A
WIG craft can be seen as
a crossover between a
hovercraft and an
aircraft. It flies just above
the surface, usually the
water surface therefore
others use the term WISE
or WISES (Wing In
Surface Effect Ship).
Representing the Hull Form
The Half-Breadth Plan
The Sheer Plan
The Body Plan
The Body Plan