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    Apgar

    Uploaded by

    Aneesh Myneni
    The APGAR score was first described in 1952 by Dr. Virginia APGAR as a method to rapidly assess the health of newborn infants. It evaluates appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration on a scale of 0-2 for each item. While the APGAR score provides a convenient way to report a newborn's status, it does not predict individual neonatal mortality or long-term neurological outcomes. Multiple factors can influence APGAR scores, and they should not be used alone to diagnose conditions like asphyxia.

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    Apgar

    Uploaded by

    Aneesh Myneni
    194 views13 pages
    The APGAR score was first described in 1952 by Dr. Virginia APGAR as a method to rapidly assess the health of newborn infants. It evaluates appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration on a scale of 0-2 for each item. While the APGAR score provides a convenient way to report a newborn's status, it does not predict individual neonatal mortality or long-term neurological outcomes. Multiple factors can influence APGAR scores, and they should not be used alone to diagnose conditions like asphyxia.

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    Assessment of newborn

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    The APGAR score was first described in 1952 by Dr. Virginia APGAR as a method to rapidly assess the health of newborn infants. It evaluates appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration on a scale of 0-2 for each item. While the APGAR score provides a convenient way to report a newborn's status, it does not predict individual neonatal mortality or long-term neurological outcomes. Multiple factors can influence APGAR scores, and they should not be used alone to diagnose conditions like asphyxia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    194 views13 pages

    Apgar

    Uploaded by

    Aneesh Myneni
    The APGAR score was first described in 1952 by Dr. Virginia APGAR as a method to rapidly assess the health of newborn infants. It evaluates appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration on a scale of 0-2 for each item. While the APGAR score provides a convenient way to report a newborn's status, it does not predict individual neonatal mortality or long-term neurological outcomes. Multiple factors can influence APGAR scores, and they should not be used alone to diagnose conditions like asphyxia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    APGAR

    INTRODUCTION
    • First described in 1952 by Dr. Virginia APGAR,
    anesthetist .
    • Soranus of Ephesius ,a greek physician ,18
    centuries earlier, “soranus score” , heart rate
    was not included.
    • Jeffrey S. Crawford ,British Obstetric Anesthetist
    , A-C( APGAR minus Colour) ,max 8 points , not
    widely accepted ,even though it reflect drug
    effects in the neonate.
    • Rapid method for assessing clinical status of
    newborn infant.
    • APGAR score provides an acceptable and
    convenient method for reporting status of
    newborn immediately after birth.
    • Does not predict individual neonatal mortality
    or neurological outcome.
    APGAR SCORE
    0 1 2

    APPEARANCE/COLO Blue/ pale Acrocyanotic Completely pink


    UR

    HEART RATE Absent < 100 > 100

    REfLEX IRRITABILITY No response Grimace Cry and active

    MUSCLE TONE Limp Some lexion Active movements

    RESPIRATION Absent Weak cry Good cry


    RECOMMENDATIONS
    • Apgar score – doesnot predict individual
    neonatal mortality and neurological outcome.
    • It is inappropriate to use apgar score alone to
    establish the diagnosis of asphyxia.
    • Perinatal health care professionals should be
    consistent in assigning an apgar score during
    resuscitation.
    AAP and ACOG recommends use of expanded
    APGAR score.
    Limitations

    • Factors that can influence the APGAR score


    • maternal sedation or anesthesia
    • congenital malormations
    • gestational age
    • trauma
    • interobserver variability
    • Tone,colour and reflex irritability can be
    subjective and partially depend on the
    physiologic maturity of the infant.
    • Can be affected by variations in normal
    transition.
    • 1. Low saturation at birth 60 to 65% @1 min, 80
    to 85 %@5min
    • 2. Physiological immaturity in preterm neonates
    can be misinterpreted as asphyxia.
    • The incidence of low APGAR scores is inversely
    related to birth weight
    • Low scores cannot predict mortality.
    • APGAR score alone should not be used to
    diagnose asphyxia .
    Prediction of outcome
    • APGAR score of 0-3@ 1min does not predict
    any individual infant’s outcome.
    • APGAR score of 0-3 @5 min – does not
    predict individual future neurologic
    dysfunction but can predict mortality.
    • Recent reports suggest that low apgar score at
    5 min is associated with increased risk of
    cerebral palsy
    • Apgar score <3 at 10,15,20 min increases risk
    for poor neurological outcome
    • Apgar score <5 at 5 min send for umbilical
    ABG.

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