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    CH 10

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    Sehrawat Surender
    Plant anatomy and physiology studies the structure and metabolic processes of plants. At the cellular level, all plants are composed of cells that arise from pre-existing cells and contain DNA. Plant tissues include dermal tissue on the outside, vascular tissue for conduction, and ground tissue in between. The main plant organs are roots, stems, and leaves. Roots have root caps, root hairs, and apical meristems. Stems provide structure and support. Leaves undergo photosynthesis to produce energy.

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    CH 10

    Uploaded by

    Sehrawat Surender
    14 views39 pages
    Plant anatomy and physiology studies the structure and metabolic processes of plants. At the cellular level, all plants are composed of cells that arise from pre-existing cells and contain DNA. Plant tissues include dermal tissue on the outside, vascular tissue for conduction, and ground tissue in between. The main plant organs are roots, stems, and leaves. Roots have root caps, root hairs, and apical meristems. Stems provide structure and support. Leaves undergo photosynthesis to produce energy.

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    Plant anatomy nd physiology

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    ch10

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    Plant anatomy and physiology studies the structure and metabolic processes of plants. At the cellular level, all plants are composed of cells that arise from pre-existing cells and contain DNA. Plant tissues include dermal tissue on the outside, vascular tissue for conduction, and ground tissue in between. The main plant organs are roots, stems, and leaves. Roots have root caps, root hairs, and apical meristems. Stems provide structure and support. Leaves undergo photosynthesis to produce energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    14 views39 pages

    CH 10

    Uploaded by

    Sehrawat Surender
    Plant anatomy and physiology studies the structure and metabolic processes of plants. At the cellular level, all plants are composed of cells that arise from pre-existing cells and contain DNA. Plant tissues include dermal tissue on the outside, vascular tissue for conduction, and ground tissue in between. The main plant organs are roots, stems, and leaves. Roots have root caps, root hairs, and apical meristems. Stems provide structure and support. Leaves undergo photosynthesis to produce energy.

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    of 39

    Chapter 10

    Plant Anatomy & Physiology


    Michael G. Simpson

    Plant Anatomy
    Study of tissue and cell structure of plants.
    (In zoology, anatomy is study of internal
    organs; histology is study of tissues/cells.)
    Plant Physiology
    Study of metabolic processes in plants.
    Cell Theory
    All of life is composed of 1 or more cells.
    Cells arise only from pre-existing cells, via
    cell division or cell fusion.
    Cells are units of metabolic processes.
    Each cell contains set of hereditary
    information (DNA), transferred from cell to
    cell, coding for structural & functional
    features.
    storage high
    transport &
    energy carbs. storage: pigments,
    modification contains DNA
    acids, ergastic
    substances
    structural support

    respiration

    cell recognition,
    transport

    photosynthesis

    protein synthesis ribosomes: site of


    & transport of protein
    materials synthesis
    aleurone grains: protein Ergastic Substances: oil bodies
    not actively metabolized (storage/waste)
    amyloplasts (starch grains):
    chromoplasts alpha-1,4-glucopyranoside

    druses raphides styloids prismatics


    crystals (Ca-oxalate; silica)
    cell wall

    mainly cellulose:
    beta-1,4-glucopyranoside
    lignin - secondary cell wall
    Cell #1 Cell #2

    middle lamella

    plasma primary cell wall


    membrane (cellulosic)

    secondary cell wall


    (lignified)

    pit primary pit field


    function? (pits of two adjacent
    cells = pit-pair)
    (collection of several
    plasmodesmata)

    plasmodesmata

    Cell #1 Cell #2
    shoot
    apex shoot apical
    meristem

    axillary bud
    internode bud primordium
    node

    lateral
    branch shoot tip

    lateral branch

    root tip

    shoot

    root hairs

    lateral roots
    root
    root apical
    meristem

    root cap
    meristem - region of actively dividing cells
    1) apical (shoot & root);
    2) lateral (vascular & cork cambia)

    Cell differentiation:
    1) Cell expansion (elongation)
    2) Cell maturation / specialization
    Plant Tissues & Cell Types

    Tissue:
    = group of cells with common function or structure.
    Three broad tissue types:
    1) Dermal - outside layer(s)
    2) Vascular - conduction
    3) Ground - between dermal and vascular
    Simple vs. Complex Tissue:
    1 versus 2 or more cell types
    Ground Tissue

    Parenchyma: Gen. metabol. Collenchyma: support


    1) Isodiametric to elongate 1) Elongate
    2) Primary cell wall 2) Primary cell wall thick,
    3) Living uneven, rich in pectins
    3) Living
    Ground Tissue
    Sclerenchyma
    1) Secondary cell wall (+ primary)
    2) Dead at maturity (usually)

    Fibers
    Elongate, sharply tapering
    Ground Tissue
    Sclerenchyma
    1) Secondary cell wall (+ primary)
    2) Dead at maturity (usually)

    Sclereids
    Isodiametric to irregular
    Vascular Tissue

    Xylem
    Water & mineral conduction
    Tracheary elements + parenchyma + sclerenchyma
    Phloem
    Sugar conduction
    Sieve members + parenchyma + sclerenchyma

    - Both complex tissues


    Tracheary Elements
    Tracheids - Imperforate Vessels - Perforate
    Angiosperms (most)
    Gnetales
    A few Monilophytes
    Sieve Elements
    Sieve cells - No sieve plates Sieve tube members - Sieve plates
    Apomorphy of Angiosperms
    Dermal & Secretory tissues & cells
    Epidermis Glands

    Stomates

    Nectaries Laticifers
    Dermal tissues: Trichome anatomy
    Epidermis
    lateral branch

    root tip

    shoot

    root hairs

    lateral roots
    root
    root apical
    meristem

    root cap
    root cap
    root apical
    ROOT (l.s.) meristem
    1) Protective root cap
    2) Absorptive root hairs
    ROOT (c.s.)
    3) Give rise to new roots endogenously
    (from within)
    Casparian Strip
    Function: forces fluids
    from outside
    through plasma
    membrane =
    selective absorption
    shoot
    apex shoot apical
    meristem

    axillary bud
    internode bud primordium
    node

    lateral
    branch shoot tip

    lateral branch

    root tip

    shoot
    SPOROPHYTIC
    SHOOT
    Stems:
    • Give rise to leaves exogenously
    • Do not have a protective “cap” of cells
    • Do not have root hairs (but may have trichomes)
    Stelar types

    eustele atactostele
    Protoxylem maturation
    Vascular cambium - a lateral meristem
    Conifers: non-porous
    Ring porous Diffuse porous
    Wood Ray Anatomy
    Leaf anatomy
    Stomata
    C3
    Photosynthesis
    Kranz anatomy
    C4 Photosynthesis
    CAM photosynthesis

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