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    Inheritance and Variation

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    Fatima Janaban
    This document discusses genetics and inheritance. It begins by introducing Mendelian genetics and defining key terms like alleles, genes, and chromosomes. It then explains Mendel's laws of inheritance using garden peas. Later, it discusses molecular genetics and the chromosome theory of inheritance. The document also provides examples of genetics problems and concepts like dominance, recessiveness, and Punnett squares. It concludes by raising questions about the nature and function of genes.

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    Inheritance and Variation

    Uploaded by

    Fatima Janaban
    43 views12 pages
    This document discusses genetics and inheritance. It begins by introducing Mendelian genetics and defining key terms like alleles, genes, and chromosomes. It then explains Mendel's laws of inheritance using garden peas. Later, it discusses molecular genetics and the chromosome theory of inheritance. The document also provides examples of genetics problems and concepts like dominance, recessiveness, and Punnett squares. It concludes by raising questions about the nature and function of genes.

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    This document discusses genetics and inheritance. It begins by introducing Mendelian genetics and defining key terms like alleles, genes, and chromosomes. It then explains Mendel's laws of inheritance using garden peas. Later, it discusses molecular genetics and the chromosome theory of inheritance. The document also provides examples of genetics problems and concepts like dominance, recessiveness, and Punnett squares. It concludes by raising questions about the nature and function of genes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    43 views12 pages

    Inheritance and Variation

    Uploaded by

    Fatima Janaban
    This document discusses genetics and inheritance. It begins by introducing Mendelian genetics and defining key terms like alleles, genes, and chromosomes. It then explains Mendel's laws of inheritance using garden peas. Later, it discusses molecular genetics and the chromosome theory of inheritance. The document also provides examples of genetics problems and concepts like dominance, recessiveness, and Punnett squares. It concludes by raising questions about the nature and function of genes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Chapter 2

    - is a branch of biology that deals with the


    study of heredity
    - Gregor Johann Mendel , the father of
    genetics, established the basic laws of
    inheritance (garden peas)
     Mendelian Genetics
    -reviews the basic laws of inheritance
     Molecular Genetics
    -deals with the chemical nature of the
    gene, the mechanisms of transmission,
    and its varied application
     Population Genetics
    -focuses on the behavior of a particular
    gene in a group of organisms and how
    gene frequency is affected by
    environmental factors
    Gregor Mendel’s principles form the base
    for the understanding of heredity and
    variation. Although Mendel’s work failed to
    discuss thoroughly the ‘factors’ or genes he
    mentioned in his laws of inheritance, his
    findings prompted other scientists to probe
    further into the mystery of heredity.
    Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

    -they found the best evidence that an inherited


    trait is determined by chromosomes
    1. Pink four o’clock flowers are obtained from a
    cross between pure bred red flower plant and
    white flower plant. What is the genotype of the
    pink flowers?
    2. The structure of the DNA is actually in a double
    helix arrangement. The nitrogen bases in each
    of the chain can only pair with specific bases,
    like adenine pairs only with thymine and
    cytosine pairs only with guanine. If the left
    chain of a DNA molecule has the nucleotide
    sequence CCGTAGGCC, what is the sequence of
    the right chain of the DNA molecule?
    In some aliens, one center horn (A) is
    codominant with two horns (B). If an alien
    inherits both alleles (AB), then the alien has
    three horns. A recessive allele (O) results in
    an alien which has no horns. Can you match
    the genotype to each of the pictures below?
    Write the genotype and phenotype of the four
    aliens in the box provided
    • Rule of Unit Factors in Pairs
    • Principle in Dominance and Recessiveness
    • Law of Segregation
    • Law of Independent Assortment
     Heredity- passing of characteristics from
    parents to offsprings
     Variations- differences among individuals
    belonging to the same species
     Alleles – contrasting forms or expressions of
    a trait, which are either dominant or recessive
     Gene – segment of DNA located in a
    chromosome
     Sex Chromosomes determine the sex of an
    individual
     Punnet Square is the method by which one
    can determine the possible genotypes and
    phenotypes when two parents are crossed
     Gamete- are reproductive cells that unite
    during sexual reproduction to form a new cell
    called zygote
    But what are genes?
    How do they work?

    Of what material are genes made?


    How does the genetic material produce the
    characteristics of an organism?
    How is the genetic code passed from parents
    to offspring?
     DNA contains the information needed to form
    and control the physical make-up and
    chemical processes of an organism.
    -is a double-stranded helix made up of
    repeating units of nucleotides.
     A nucleotide is composed of the following:
    sugar and phosphate molecules, and
    nitrogeneous bases. The base can either be
    adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.

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