The document provides an overview of the COMP541 Digital Logic and Computer Design course. It describes the course content which includes digital logic design focusing on computer design. Students will each design a MIPS CPU and peripheral logic. The course will use FPGA boards and Verilog to program and test designs. It outlines the textbook, topics, labs, projects, and grading criteria.
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The document provides an overview of the COMP541 Digital Logic and Computer Design course. It describes the course content which includes digital logic design focusing on computer design. Students will each design a MIPS CPU and peripheral logic. The course will use FPGA boards and Verilog to program and test designs. It outlines the textbook, topics, labs, projects, and grading criteria.
The document provides an overview of the COMP541 Digital Logic and Computer Design course. It describes the course content which includes digital logic design focusing on computer design. Students will each design a MIPS CPU and peripheral logic. The course will use FPGA boards and Verilog to program and test designs. It outlines the textbook, topics, labs, projects, and grading criteria.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document provides an overview of the COMP541 Digital Logic and Computer Design course. It describes the course content which includes digital logic design focusing on computer design. Students will each design a MIPS CPU and peripheral logic. The course will use FPGA boards and Verilog to program and test designs. It outlines the textbook, topics, labs, projects, and grading criteria.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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COMP541 (160)
Digital Logic and
Computer Design
Montek Singh
Jan 11, 2007
1 Today’s Topics Course description What’s it about Mechanics: grading, etc. Material from Chapter 1 (review) What is digital logic? Binary signaling Number systems Codes
2 What’s Course About? Digital logic, focusing on the design of computers Stay above transistor level Only one class on transistors and VLSI Each person designs a MIPS CPU and peripheral logic (VGA, joystick) Project like an Atari 2600 game High-level language Modern design practices
3 How Can We Do This? Field Programmable Gate Arrays Chips with a lot of circuits Tens of thousands to millions of transistors Programmable We write “programs” describing design Tools translate to gates/wires Download pattern to chip
4 We Will Use This Board
5 Schematic Diagram
6 Verilog /* * A 32-bit counter with only 4 bits of output. The idea is * to select which of the counter stages you want to pass on. * * Anselmo Lastra, November 2002 */
7 Xilinx Software Use design tools from chip maker Have full version on lab PCs Can install on your PC ModelSim simulator or built-in
8 Class Web Pages Linked from my home page http://www.cs.unc.edu/~montek All notes posted Will try to put them there before class Lab documents there also See Blackboard for grades
9 Textbook and Syllabus Largely follow Prof. Lastra’s syllabus Morris Mano and Charles Kime Logic and Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 3rd Edition Prentice Hall, 2004 Will largely follow text Slightly different order More emphasis on HLL
10 Overview of Textbook Chapters 1-6: Digital logic Combinational and sequential Chapter 7-8: Register Transfer and State Machines Chapter 9: Memories Chapters 10-12: Computer design Chapter 13: I/O Chapter 14: Memory Hierarchies
11 Order of Topics Will change order from that in book To try to get you working on interesting labs sooner Move sequential design earlier Then backfill details on combinational design
12 May Also Need COMP120 book For MIPS reference How many have one? I can copy the few necessary pages Verilog reference Book optional Web pages – see course home page
13 Grading Labs – 35% Easier at first; later ones will count more Homework – 20% Two tests spaced evenly – 12.5% each Final – 20% (optional for some)
14 Labs Paced slowly at first Familiarization with tools, simple combinational design, design a digital lock or similar Peripheral – VGA, opt. keyboard interface or joystick Build up computer components Registers, ALU, decoder Assemble a simple MIPS Add more features, enough for simple computer Final demo – game or similar
15 Lab Sections No lab this Friday You need a little more info to begin Begin next week Lab is in SN 027, down the hall by the back entrance
16 Late Policy Homework assignments and lab reports due by class time Labs due on Tuesday after the lab period One class late, 10 points off Two classes late, 25 points off Not accepted later
17 What’s Your Background? Course experience Work, etc. Which COMP120? What’s your intent in taking class?
Questions?
18 Office Hours Would like to wait a week to set
Send email if you want to meet
19 Now Shift to Technology
Should be review for all of you
20 Digital vs. Analog Analog – infinite resolution Like (old fashioned) radio dial We’ll do very little with analog VGA, maybe sound Digital – a finite set of values Like money Can’t get smaller than cents Typically also has maximum value
21 Binary Signaling Zero volts FALSE or 0 3.3 or 5 volts TRUE or 1 Modern chips down to 1V
Why not multilevel signaling?
22 Discrete Data Some data inherently discrete Names (sets of letters) Some quantized Music recorded from microphone Note that other examples like music from CD or electronic keyboard already quantized Mouse movement is quantized Well, some mice
23 Numbers and Arithmetic I’ve put most of these slides at end Backup in case you’ve forgotten Review of binary numbers, Hexadecimal, Arithmetic
Let’s cover Other codes, parity
24 BCD Binary Coded Decimal Decimal digits stored in binary Four bits/digit Like hex, except stops at 9 Example 931 is coded as 1001 0011 0001 Remember: these are just encodings. Meanings are assigned by us.
25 Other Codes Exist Non positional Example: Gray Code Only one bit changes at a time 000,001,011,010,110,111,101,100 Why is this useful?
27 Character Codes From numbers to letters ASCII Stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange Only 7 bits defined Unicode You may make up your own code for the MIPS VGA
28 ASCII table
29 Even Parity Sometimes high-order bit of ASCII coded to enable detection of errors Even parity – set bit to make number of 1’s even Examples A (01000001) with even parity is 01000001 C (01000011) with even parity is 11000011
30 Odd Parity Similar except make the number of 1’s odd Examples A (01000001) with odd parity is 11000001 C (01000011) with odd parity is 01000011
31 Error Detection Note that parity detects only simple errors One, three, etc. bits More complex methods exist Some that enable recovery of original info Cost is more redundant bits
32 Today’s Topics Introduction Digital logic Number systems Arithmetic Codes Parity The encoding is key Standards are used to agree on encodings Special purpose codes for particular uses
33 Homework None, but… I expect you to know number systems well and be able to do conversions and arithmetic Decimal – Binary Binary – Decimal Decimal – Hex Hex – Decimal Can do some of the problems – 1-2, 1-4, 1-7 if you think you need a refresher. Answers on book website.
34 Reading Skim chapter 1 Quick read to make sure you’re comfortable with material Read Chapter 2
35 Next Week Combinational Logic Basics Lab preview I’ll demo tools in class, probably Thursday Lab on Friday the 19th Schematic capture Maybe simple Verilog Run on FPGA
36 Lab Walkthrough Let’s go see the lab
Shared with LEGO 1st year seminar
37 Backup Slides
Should be all review material
38 Binary Numbers Strings of binary digits (“bits”) One bit can store a number from 0 to 1 n bits can store numbers from 0 to 2 n
39 Binary – Powers of 2 Positional representation Each digit represents a power of 2 So 101 binary is 1 • 2 2 + 0 • 21 + 1 • 2 0 or 1•4 + 0•2 + 1•1=5
40 Converting Binary to Decimal Easy, just multiply digit by power of 2 Just like a decimal number is represented Example follows
41 Binary Decimal Example
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
What is 10011100 in decimal?
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
128 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 0 = 156
42 Decimal to Binary A little more work than binary to decimal Some examples 3 = 2 + 1 = 11 (that’s 1•21 + 1•20) 5 = 4 + 1 = 101 (that’s 1•22 + 0•21 + 1•20)
43 Algorithm – Decimal to Binary Find largest power-of-two smaller than decimal number Make the appropriate binary digit a ‘1’ Subtract the power of 2 from decimal Do the same thing again
44 Decimal Binary Example Convert 28 decimal to binary
0 0000 0 8 1000 8 1 0001 1 9 1001 9 2 0010 2 10 1010 a 3 0011 3 11 1011 b Why use 4 0100 4 12 1100 c base 16? 5 0101 5 13 1101 d 6 0110 6 14 1110 e •Power of 2 7 0111 7 15 1111 f •Size of byte
47 Hex to Binary Bin Hex 0000 0 0001 1 0010 2 Convention – write 0x before number 0011 3 Hex to Binary – just convert digits 0100 4 0101 5 0110 6 0x2ac 0111 7 1000 8 1001 9
0010 1010 1100 1010 a
1011 b 0x2ac = 001010101100 1100 c 1101 d No magic – remember hex digit = 4 bits 1110 e 1111 f 48 Binary to Hex Bin Hex 0000 0 0001 1 0010 2 0011 3 Just convert groups of 4 bits 0100 4 101001101111011 0101 5 0110 6
0101 0011 0111 1011 0111 7
1000 8 1001 9
5 3 7 b 1010 a 1011 b 1100 c 101001101111011 = 0x537b 1101 d 1110 e 1111 f 49 Hex to Decimal Dec 0 Hex 0 Just multiply each hex digit by decimal value, 1 1 and add the results. 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5
0x2ac 6 6 7 7 8 8 2 • 256 + 10 • 16 + 12 • 1 = 684 9 9 10 a 11 b 12 c 163 162 161 160 13 d 4096 256 16 1 14 e 15 f 50 Decimal to Hex Analogous to decimal binary. 1. Find largest power-of-16 smaller than decimal number 2. Divide by power-of-16. The integer result is hex digit. 3. The remainder is new decimal number. 4. Do the same thing again
51 Decimal to Hex Dec 0 Hex 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 684 4 4
684/256 = 2 0x2__ 5 6 5 6
684%256 = 172 7 8 7 8
172/16 = 10 = a 0x2a_ 9 9 10 a
172%16 = 12 = c 0x2ac 11 b 12 c 13 d 163 162 161 160 14 e 15 f 4096 256 16 1 52 Octal Octal is base 8 Similar to hexadecimal Conversions Less convenient for use with 8-bit bytes
53 Arithmetic -- addition Binary similar to decimal arithmetic
No carries 1 0 1 1 0 0 Carries
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 + 1 0 0 0 1 + 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
1+1 is 2 (or 102), which results in a carry
54 Arithmetic -- subtraction
No borrows 0 0 1 1 0 Borrows
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 - 1 0 0 1 0 - 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 - 1 results in a borrow
55 Arithmetic -- multiplication
1 0 1 1 Successive additions of X 1 0 1 multiplicand or zero, multiplied by 2 (102). 1 0 1 1 Note that multiplication 0 0 0 0 by 102 just shifts bits 1 0 1 1 left. 1 1 0 1 1 1
56 Hexadecimal Arithmetic Similar If you’re doing by hand, easiest to convert each set of digits to decimal and back Skill is not very useful…
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