Devices, Circuits, and Applications: AC Voltage Controllers
Devices, Circuits, and Applications: AC Voltage Controllers
Devices, Circuits, and Applications: AC Voltage Controllers
CHAPTER
CHAPTER 11
AC Voltage
Controllers
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Learning Outcomes After completing this chapter, students should be able to do the
following:
List the types of ac voltage controllers.
Describe the operation of ac voltage controllers.
Describe the characteristics of ac voltage controllers.
List the performance parameters of ac voltage controllers.
Describe the operation of matrix converters.
Design and analyze ac voltage controllers.
Evaluate the performances of controlled rectifiers by using SPICE simulations.
Evaluate the effects of load inductance on the load current.
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Symbols and Their Meanings
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Symbols and Their Meanings (continued)
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Figure 11.1 Input and output relationship of an ac voltage controller. (a) Block diagram, (b) Input supply, (c) Output voltage, and (d)
Input current.
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Figure 11.2 Single-phase full-wave controller. (a) Circuit, (b) Input supply voltage, (c) Output voltage, (d) Gate pulse for T1, and (e)
Gate pulse for T2.
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Equation 11.1 Single-phase Full-wave Controller
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Equation 11.2 Single-phase Full-wave Controller
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Equation 11.3 Single-phase Full-wave Controller
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Equation 11.4 Single-phase Full-wave Controller
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Figure 11.3 Single-phase full-wave controller with common cathode.
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Figure 11.4 Single-phase full-wave controller with one thyristor. (a) Circuit, (b) Input supply voltage, (c) Output current, and (d) Gate
pulse for T1.
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Figure 11.5 Single-phase full-wave controller with RL load. (a) Circuit, (b) Input supply voltage, (c) Gate pulses for T1 and T2, (d)
Current through thyristor T1, (e) Continuous gate pulses for T1 and T2, and (f) Train of gate pulses for T1 and T2.
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Equations 11.8 and 11.9 Single-phase Full-wave Controller with RL Load
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Equation 11.11 Single-phase Full-wave Controller with RL Load
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Figure 11.6 Typical waveforms of single-phase ac voltage controller with an RL load. (a) Input supply voltage and output current, (b)
Output voltage, and (c) Voltage across thyristor T1.
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Equations 11.12 Typical Waveforms
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Equations 11.14 Typical Waveforms
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Equations 11.16 and 11.17 Typical Waveforms
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Figure 11.7 Three-phase bidirectional controller.
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Three-phase Bidirectional Controller
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Figure 11.8 Waveforms for three-phase bidirectional controller. (a) Input line voltages, (b) Input phase voltages, (c) Thyristor gate
pulses, and (d) Output phase voltage.
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Equation 11.19 Waveforms for Three-phase Bidirectional Controller
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Equations 11.20 Waveforms for Three-phase Bidirectional Controller
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Equations 11.20 and 11.21 Waveforms for Three-phase Bidirectional Controller
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Figure 11.9 Arrangement for three-phase bidirectional tie control.
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Figure 11.10 Delta-connected three-phase controller.
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Delta-connected Three-phase Controller
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Figure 11.11 Waveforms for delta-connected controller. (a) Input line voltages, (b) Thyristor gate pulses, (c) Output phase currents,
and (d) Output line currents.
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Equations 11.22 and 11.23 Waveforms for Delta-connected Controller
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Equations 11.24 and 11.26 Waveforms for Delta-connected Controller
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Equation 11.27 Waveforms for Delta-connected Controller
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Figure 11.12 Three-phase three-thyristor controller.
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Figure 11.13 Single-phase transformer connection changer.
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Single-phase Transformer Connection Changer
and
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Figure 11.14 Waveforms for transformer connection changer. (a) Voltage for secondary 1, (b) Voltage for secondary 2, (c) Output
voltage for case 1, (d) Output voltage for case 2, and (d) Output voltage for case 3.
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Equation 11.28 Waveforms for Transformer Connection Changer
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Equation 11.29 Waveforms for Transformer Connection Changer
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Equation 11.30 Waveforms for Transformer Connection Changer
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Figure 11.15 Voltage and current waveforms for RL load. (a) Output voltage and current, (b) Output voltage, and (c) Output current
and fundamental component.
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Voltage and Current Waveforms for RL Load
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Figure 11.16 Single-phase/single-phase cycloconverter. (a) Circuit, (b) Equivalent circuit, (c) Input supply voltage, (d) Output voltage,
and (e) Conduction periods for P and N converters.
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Equation 11.33 Single-phase/Single-phase Cycloconverter
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Equation 11.34 Single-phase/Single-phase Cycloconverter
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Equation 11.35 Single-phase/Single-phase Cycloconverter
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Figure 11.17 Cycloconverter with intergroup reactor.
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Figure 11.18 Three-phase/single-phase cycloconverter. (a) Circuit, (b) Line voltages, (c) Output voltage, and (d) Conduction periods for
P and N converters.
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Figure 11.19 Three-phase/three-phase cycloconverter.
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Figure 11.20 Generation of thyristor gating signals. (a) Input supply voltage, (b) Reference voltage at output frequency, (c) Conduction
periods for P and N converters, (d) Thyristor gate pulses, and (e) Output voltage.
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Equations 11.36 and 11.37 Reduction of Output Harmonics
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Equation 11.38 Reduction of Output Harmonics
The input PF is
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Equation 11.39 Reduction of Output Harmonics
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Figure 11.21 Ac voltage controller for PWM control.
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Figure 11.22 Output voltage and load current of ac voltage controller. (a) Output voltage and (b) Output current.
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Figure 11.23 (a) Matrix (Φ−Φ) converter circuit with input filter and (b) Switching matrix symbol for converter.
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Equation 11.40 Matrix Converter
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Equation 11.41 Matrix Converter
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Equations 11.45 Design of AC Voltage-Controller Circuits
• for n = 2, 4,...=0
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Equations 11.46 Design of AC Voltage-Controller Circuits
• for n = 2, 4,...=0
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Equation 11.47 Design of AC Voltage-Controller Circuits
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Figure 11.25 Harmonic content as a function of the firing angle for a single-phase voltage controller with RL load.
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Figure 11.26 Equivalent circuit for harmonic current.
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Equivalent Circuit for Harmonic Current
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Figure 11.27 Ac thyristor SPICE model.
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Figure 11.28 Single-phase ac voltage controller for PSpice simulation. (a) Circuit, (b) Gate pulse for thyristor T1, and (c) Gate pulse for
thyristor T2.
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Figure 11.29 Plots for Example 11.10.
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Plots for Example 11.10
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Figure 11.30 Effects of load inductance on load current and voltage. (a) Input voltage, (b) Output voltage and current with load
inductance, (c) Output voltage and current without any load inductance.
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