Reduced Clause
Reduced Clause
Reduced Clause
Reduced
Noun
clause
Adverb
Adjective clause is a relative clause. adjective clause
use a relative pronoun such as who, whom, which
and that to replace noun. Adjective clauses can
appear in a reduced form.
adjective phrase
a. the girl sitting next to me is nelly
b.the man reading an encyclopedia is jake
In the reduced form the connector who, which, or
1 that is omitted along with the be-verb is or was.
example:
AC: The man who is talking to me is from holand
AP: The man talking to me Is from holand
AC: The comic books that are on the table are mine
AP: The comic books on the table are mine
2
If there is no be-verb in the adjective clause, it is
still possible to have a reduced form. When there
is no be-verb in the adjective clause, the
connector is omitted and the verb is changed into
the -ing form.
(However, you may switch the positions of the adjective and noun.)
•AC: The angry man is my father. (okay)
invinitive phrase
Gerund phrase
We should only make a reduced noun clause if the
following criteria are met. There are :
1 The connector is a question word, such as What,
Where, Who, Why, How, When, whose.
The subject in the noun clause is the same as the
2
main subject in the sentence, or there is only one
clear “doer’ in the sentence.
The verb in the noun clause includes the modal
3
auxiliary such as : should, would, could, can, will.
1 Remove the subject of the noun clause
2
Change the entire verb structure to the invinitive
Example :
Full Noun Clause : Please tell me how I should
operate this machine
Step 1 : remove the subject “I” in the noun clause
Step 2 : replace should operate with to operate (to
invinitive)
Reduced Noun Clause : Please tell me how to operate
this machine
Full Noun Clause : He asked the receptionist when he could call to
catch the prime minister.
Reduced Noun Clause : He asked the receptionist when to call to
catch the prime minister.
Full Noun Clause : We don’t know how we can solve this problem
Reduced Noun Clause : We don’t know how to solve this problem.
In this type, that-clause can be reduced to be invinitive
phrases if the verb of the statement consists of the verb
which must follow by to-invinitive, such as :
Example :
Full Noun Clause : It is certain that we will win the match
Reduced Noun Clause : We are certain to win the match
Example :
1) Full Noun Clause : I hope that I can finish this work in
three days
Reduced Noun Clause : I hope to finish this work in three days
my work.
*The subject “I” in noun clause is omitted because same
from the subject of the entire of statement.
Full Noun Clause : I recommend that you buy something
because you need it.
Reduced Noun Clause : I recommend you buying something because you
need it.
Full Noun Clause : I suggested that he studies hard before the
exam.
Reduced Noun Clause : I suggested him studying hard before the exam.
Full Noun Clause : That the peace treaty was signed was
important.
Reduced Noun Clause : signing of the peace treaty was important.
Full Noun Clause : She acknowledged that she had been at fault
Reduced Noun Clause : She acknowledge having been at fault
Full Noun Clause : She admitted that she had made a mistake
Reduced Noun Clause : She admitted having made a mistake.
Adverb clauses like adjective clauses can give
variety to your sentences.
Sometimes we find adverb clauses that have
left some words out.
They are called reduced adverb clauses.
Example: While (she was) speaking to the timid
student, the teacher spoke slowly.
Adverb clauses that begin with the following
words: Since, After, Before, and While can be
reduced to adverbial phrases.
Rule:
The subjects of both clauses must be the same
Keep the time adverb
Take away the subject, make sure the VERB is
the GERUND (-ing) form.
I didn’t speak English very often before I came
to the United States.
Reduce: I didn’t speak English very often
before coming to the United States.
While Steven was doing his homework, Steven
fell asleep at his desk.
Reduce: While doing his homework, Steven
fell asleep at his desk. (keep the name)
Since their international student joined the
family, the Smiths have been very busy. NO
CHANGE
Clause: Since Bernie was photographed by famous
people, he became very well known in the music
world.