History of Pharmacology
History of Pharmacology
History of Pharmacology
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A HEARTY WELCOME
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…”MILES TO GO BEFORE I SLEEP”.
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We expect:
• HARD WORK
• ATTENTIVENESS
• PUNCTUALITY
• SYMPATHY &
UNDERSTANDING YOUR
PATIENT.
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HISTORY OF
MEDICINE
Ghosh Ranjib
EARLY TYPES OF MEDICINE
o Cause of illness?
Supernatural powers, evil forces or
projection of a foreign object into a person.
o Method of healing:
Drive out evil spirits, bring back a lost
soul, or please an offended God.
Ghosh ranjib
EARLY TYPES OF MEDICINE
Bakongo nail fetish
used in Congo for either
aggressive or protective
magic, as directed by Witch
doctor.
Ghosh ranjib:
EARLY TYPES OF MEDICINE
Ghosh ranjib
ANCIENT MEDICINE
• ANCIENT EGYPT
• ANCIENT INDIA
• ANCIENT CHINA
• ANCIENT GREEK
• ANCIENT ARABIC MEDICINE
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ANCIENT EGYPT
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Ghoshranjib
Gold statue of Amen, local
deity of Thebes elevated to ruling
God of Egyptian pharaohs, whose
temple priests included healers .
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Ghoshranjib:
Scene from XIXth – dynasty The ban Book of the Dead of Hunefer
(c.1300 B.C) Showing jackal headed Anubis holding coffin containing
embalmed body of Hunefer before weeping family and priests
performing “Opening of the Mouth” ceremony, which prepares
deceased for afterlife. (British Museum, London) 13
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A moment in the life of an Egyptian physician
of the Eighteenth Dynasty (1500-1400 B.C.)
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Ghoshranjib
ANCIENT INDIA
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Charaka is an ancient physician
of India in the era of 500 BC.
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Susruta, ancient Indian surgeon 17
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ANCIENT CHINA
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Ghosh ranjib:
Doctor shown examining patient by feeling the pulse, perhaps the
most important feature of ancient Chinese medical diagnosis.
(Wellcome Trustees, London) 19
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ANCIENT GREEK
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Treatment of a patient by shedding blood 21
• Hippocrates was the most famous name of ancient
Greek medicine and was associated with an influential
collection of writings called “Corpus Hippocraticum”. 22
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The Greek Physician Galen was probably the most
influential writer of all time on medical subjects. For nearly
fifteen hundred years his works were the unimpeachable
authority on medicine in many different lands. 23
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ANCIENT ARABIC MEDICINE
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Rhazes at the bedside of a young patient afflicted with measles.
First to describe measles and smallpox with clinical accuracy,
Rhazes reported first pupillary reaction to light. 25
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PROGRESSION TOWARDS
MODERN MEDICINE
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• William Harvey is shown demonstrating his experiments on deer to
King Charles and the baby prince. (Royal College of Physicians,
London) 27
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek-discoverer of microscope
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Discovery of smallpox vaccine by Edward Jenner
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Laennec and discovery of stethoscope
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Rudolf Virchow- Father of Pathology 31
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Louis Pasteur developed the technique of Pasteurization
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•First successful public demonstration of surgical anesthesia by
William TG Morton, a Boston dentist and medical student,
October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts General Hospital.( Boston
Medical Library, Cambridge.) 33
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Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (Nobel prize in 1901)
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Paul Ehlrich- Father of chemotherapy 35
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Robert Koch
(Nobel prize in 1905)
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Banting and Best received Nobel prize in
1923 for discovery of Insulin 37
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• Sir Alexander Fleming was honored with Nobel Prize for his discovery of
penicillin, ,in 1928.
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Selman Waksman
discovered streptomycin for
the treatment of tuberculosis
-& for this he was awarded
the Nobel Prize in 1952.
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