What is BROADBAND?

The capacity to transmit large quantities of

electronic signals (including data, video,
text & voice) rapidly……
…. 256 Kbps & above is ‘Broadband’ in
India (as per TRAI)
 DEFINITION OF BROADBAND
 “An ‘always-on’ data connection
 minimum download speed of 256 kilo bits
per second (kbps) to an individual subscriber
from the Point Of Presence (POP) of the
service provider.
 Broadband Technologies
 Existing infrastructure
DSL over Copper loop
Cable Modem over Cable TV network
 New Infrastructure
 Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
 Wireless Infrastructure
 Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)
 Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) (802.11)
 3G Mobile
 High speed WLL
 Broadband Services
 Internet through broadband connection
 It is Internet service in which the Internet will be
always ON with a much higher bandwidth
 There is no need of dial up, hence no telephone bill
for Internet use.
 It provides the scope for unlimited use of Internet for
a fixed amount of tariff.
•Bandwidth on Demand: This will facilitate customer
to change bandwidth as per his / her requirement.
For example a customer with 256 kbps can change
to 1 Mbps during the video Conferencing session.

 Video· on Demand service through
broadband connection: Through this
service, customers can view any movie of
their choice from a pool of movies stored in
a central server.
 The movies can be viewed either on a TV or
a PC.
 Audio on Demand
 It is a similar service where person can
listen to any music of his choice
 TV channels through broadband
connection
 The TV channels may be available in the
broadband connection.

 Dial VPN Service:

 This service allows remote users to access
their private network securely over the NIB-II
infrastructure.
Video and Audio Conferencing

 Content-based Services
 What is DSL?
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is the next generation
modem-like technology that allows for the
transmission of voice, video and data over existing
copper telephone lines at incredible megabit speeds.

Even better, DSL uses your ordinary phone line but

doesn't tie it up -- you can access the Internet while
you are using the same line for conversation or faxing.
In addition, you stay connected -- there's no dialing up
or waiting for busy signals.
TYPES OF DSL

DSL comes in several different varieties, which are

known collectively as xDSL.
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
SDSL (Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line)
HDSL (High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)
IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Line)
VDSL (Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)
xDSL Service Categories
• Downstream refers to the available data speed rate from the
Internet / Exchange to the customer
• Upstream refers to the available data rate speed from the
customer up to the Internet / Exchange
• ADSL (Asymmetric DSL), is the most popular form of DSL
• ADSL provides downstream speeds of 144 Kbps to 2.2 Mbps
and upstream speeds from 90 to 640 Kbps depending on
distance from Exchange
• SDSL (Symmetric DSL), transfers data up to 2.3 Mbps
upstream and downstream at symmetric rates
• HDSL (High Bit-rate DSL), is primarily used as a substitute
for T1/E1 lines providing 1.54 Mbps of data symmetrically
over two phone lines
• VDSL (Very High Speed DSL), an evolving form of DSL that
can deliver data from 13 to 52 Mbps downstream and 1.5 to
2.3 Mbps upstream
 What is ADSL?
 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line often referred to as
ADSL supports up to 8 Mbps bandwidth downstream and up
to 1 Mbps upstream.
 The asymmetrical aspect of ADSL technology makes it ideal
for Internet/Intranet surfing, video-on-demand and remote
local area network (LAN) access.
 Users of these applications typically download more
information than they send.
 ADSL requires a voice/data splitter, commonly called a
POTS Splitter (Plain Old Telephone Service) to be installed at
the consumer's home or business premise.
 This device separates voice from data transmissions.
Enables the Voice and Data to travel simultaneously.
 Full rate ADSL provides service up to a maximum range of
18,000 feet (about 3.4 miles, or 5.5 km) from the
telecommunication provider company's central office to the
end-user.
Benefits of ADSL
Always on
Simultaneous Usage of Phone and
Internet.
Could connect to the Internet at up to 140
times faster than analog modems. (8Mbps
vs. 56Kbps Modem)
Home has its own dedicated connection.
Connection is highly secure, compared to
shared-media Cable Modem.
No telephone call charges
 Broadband Components
 Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
(DSLAM)
 LAN Switches: for aggregating DSLAM
 Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS)
 RADIUS and LDAP (SSSS)
 Provisioning System
 Brief Functions of DSL Components
 DSL CPEs : At customer premises. One end it
connects telephone cable coming from
exchange. At the other end, it connects to PC
through Ethernet and Telephone through RJ-45
connector
 DSLAM: called as DSL Access Multiplexer. It
has a built in splitter, which splits voice and
data. While voice follows the normal
conventional path through exchange, data is
aggregated and up linked through Ethernet
Port (Gigabit Ethernet for 480 port and Fast
Ethernet for lower DSLAM)
 LAN Switch: For aggregating multiple DSLAM
and providing a common uplink
 BRAS:-Called as Broadband Remote
Access Server.It is the first intelligent device
in the whole chain.It terminates the
customer session,authenticates,allots IP
addresses and keeps track of user session
for billing along with RADIUS.
 SSSS: Called as Subscriber Service
Selection System. When customer logs in
he will be welcome with this customized
screen from where he can select various
range of service. This provides on demand
service without manual intervention
 RADIUS: This in conjunction with BRAS
authenticates customer, upload customer
profile in the SSSS and keeps track of
billing
 LDAP: It stores customer database viz.
username, password and the default
services that it can subscribe to.
Provisioning: This is the most critical
components for ensuring quick delivery of
service. It ensures end-to-end provisioning of
service right from DSL CPEs to DSLAM to
Switch to BRAS to LDAP
DSLAM
DSLAMs shall in general be collocated with existing PSTN
exchanges, which provide last mile access to customers over
copper wire up to average span lengths of 3 kms
Size of DSLAM varies considerably from 480 Port DSLAM to 64
ports to 24 ports.
2 Wire analog for PSTN interface
Need for DSLAM
To enable DSL technology, service providers must have a DSLAM
located in their networks to interact with the customer premises
equipment (CPE) at the end user location.
•A Digital Subscriber Access Multiplexer delivers exceptionally
high-speed data transmission over existing copper telephone lines
•A DSLAM separates the voice frequency signal from High Speed
data traffic
•Routes and Controls Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) traffic
between the subscriber’s end-user equipment (Router, Modem, or
Network Interface Card (NIC) and the Network Service Provider’s
network.
 ADSL Eqpt.
DSLAM

Splitter

Telephone

Typical Connectivity from DSLAM

 Connection Topology

1. ADSL eqpt. 2. LJU 3. Splitter 4. Telephone

5. Computer 6. Eth Cable. 7. Telephone Line
What is a CPE?
CPE stands for Customer Premise Equipment. This
would consist of an ADSL modem/router and a stand-
alone or a built in splitter to separate the telephone and
broadband connections.
How to connect to ADSL?
 To connect to ADSL you need an ADSL modem/router
to be installed at your home/business.
On your PC you should have an Ethernet port with
RJ45 socket.
Some ADSL modems have a USB port and you could
connect these modems to the USB port of you
computer.
Customer Premises Equipment
Indicators….
Rear View
What is a splitter?

If at your home/business, the same line is

used for voice and data then you need to
separate out these signals by using a splitter.
The splitter will have one output for your
telephone and one or more for the ADSL
modem, which in turn connects to your
computer
 ADSL Eqpt.
DSLAM

Splitter

Telephone

Typical Connectivity from DSLAM